Editing Slasher film (section)

===Splatter, Krimi and giallo films===
{{See also|Splatter film|Krimi|Giallo|}}
[[File:Reazione a catena.jpg|thumb|left|A scene from [[Mario Bava]]'s ''[[A Bay of Blood]]'' (1971), which was notably imitated in ''[[Friday the 13th Part 2]]'' (1981)]]
Subgenres that influenced slasher films include [[splatter film]]s, ''[[Krimi]]'' films, and ''[[giallo]]'' films.{{sfn|Kerswell|2012|p={{page needed|date=October 2021}}}}<ref name="Troy-2015">{{Cite book|title=So deadly, so perverse: 50 years of Italian giallo films|last=Troy|first=Howarth|year=2015|location=Baltimore |publisher=Midnight Marquee Press|isbn=9781936168507|oclc=923061416}}</ref>

Splatter films focus on gratuitous gore. [[Herschell Gordon Lewis]]'s ''[[Blood Feast]]'' (1963) was a hit at [[drive-in theater]]s and is often considered the first splatter film.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Happy birthday, "Blood Feast": digging into the guts of the very first "splatter" film |website=RogerEbert.com |url=https://www.rogerebert.com/balder-and-dash/blood-feast-digging-into-the-guts-of-the-very-first-splatter-film|last=Abrams|first=Simon |access-date=May 15, 2018}}</ref> Lewis followed with gory films ''[[Two Thousand Maniacs!|Two-Thousand Maniacs!]]'' (1964), ''[[Color Me Blood Red]]'' (1965), ''[[The Gruesome Twosome (1967 film)|The Gruesome Twosome]]'' (1967) and ''[[The Wizard of Gore]]'' (1970). This grotesque style translated to [[Andy Milligan]]'s ''The Ghastly Ones'' (1969), ''[[Twisted Nerve]]'' (1968), ''Night After Night After Night'' (1969) as well as ''[[The Haunted House of Horror]]'' (1969).{{sfn|Kerswell|2012|pages=34–36}}

Post-World War II Germany adapted British writer [[Edgar Wallace]]'s crime novels into a subgenre of their own called ''Krimi'' films.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://birthmoviesdeath.com/2015/10/11/a-genre-between-genres-the-shadow-world-of-german-krimi-films|title=A Genre Between Genres: The Shadow World Of German Krimi Films|author=Phil Nobile Jr.|date=October 11, 2015|work=Birth.Movies.Death.|access-date=May 15, 2018}}</ref> The ''Krimi'' films were released in the late 1950s through the early 1970s and featured villains in bold costumes accompanied by jazz scores from composers such as [[Martin Böttcher]] and [[Peter Thomas (composer)|Peter Thomas]].{{sfn|Kerswell|2012|p={{page needed|date=October 2021}}}}<ref>{{Cite book|title=Crime fiction in german : Der Krimi|last=Katharina|first=Hall|isbn=9781783168187 |location=Cardiff|oclc=944186492|date=March 3, 2016}}</ref> ''[[Der Frosch mit der Maske|Fellowship of the Frog]]'' (1959), about a murderer terrorizing London, was successful in America, leading to similar adaptations like ''[[The Green Archer (1961 film)|The Green Archer]]'' (1961) and ''[[Dead Eyes of London]]'' (1961). The [[Rialto Film|Rialto Studio]] produced 32 ''Krimi'' films between 1959 and 1970.{{sfn|Kerswell|2012|pages=38–43}}
[[File:Torso (1973) screenshot.png|right|thumb|A scene from [[Sergio Martino]]'s film, ''[[Torso (1973 film)|Torso]]'' (1973)]]
Italy's ''giallo'' thrillers are [[Police procedural|crime procedurals]] or [[murder mystery|murder mysteries]] interlaced with [[eroticism]] and psychological horror.<ref name="Troy-2015"/> ''Giallo'' films feature unidentified killers murdering in grand fashions.<ref name="Troy-2015" /> Unlike most American slasher films the protagonists of ''gialli'' are frequently (but not always) jet-setting adults sporting the most stylish [[Fashion in Milan|Milan fashions]].{{sfn|Kerswell|2012|p={{page needed|date=October 2021}}}} These protagonists are often outsiders reluctantly brought into the mystery through extenuating circumstances, like witnessing a murder or being suspected of the crimes themselves.<ref>{{Cite web|title=No Place Like Home: The Late-Modern World of the Italian giallo Film|author=Alexia Kannas|website=Senses of Cinema |url=http://sensesofcinema.com/2013/uncategorized/no-place-like-home-the-late-modern-world-of-the-italian-giallo-film/ |access-date=May 15, 2018|date=July 2013}}</ref> Much like ''Krimi'' films, ''gialli'' plots tended to be outlandish and improbable, occasionally employing [[supernatural]] elements.{{sfn|Kerswell|2012|p={{page needed|date=October 2021}}}}<ref name="Troy-2015" /> [[Mario Bava]]'s ''[[A Bay of Blood]]'' (1971) is a [[whodunit]] featuring a subplot depicting creative death sequences on a secluded lakeside setting, which greatly inspired ''[[Friday the 13th (1980 film)|Friday the 13th]]'' (1980), [[Friday the 13th Part 2|its 1981 sequel]] and subsequent slashers.{{sfn|Kerswell|2012|pages=51–54}}<ref>{{cite web | url=https://chicagoreader.com/film/twitch-of-the-death-nerve/ | title=Twitch of the Death Nerve |date= January 24, 2003|last=Jones| first=J. R.|newspaper=[[Chicago Reader]]}}</ref> [[Sergio Martino]]'s ''[[Torso (1973 film)|Torso]]'' (1973) featured a masked killer preying upon beautiful and promiscuous young women in retribution for a past misdeed. ''Torso''<nowiki/>'s edge-of-your-seat climax finds a sensible "final girl"<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.longlivethevoid.com/news/firstslashmd | title=Will The Real First Slasher Please Stand Up?|date= August 1, 2018|last=Doubt| first=Mark|website=Beyond The Void Horror Podcast}}</ref> facing off with the killer in an isolated villa.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gialloscore.com/giallo.aspx?type=score&id=25|title=Torso|website=GialloScore|access-date=May 15, 2018|archive-date=2019-01-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190113045102/http://gialloscore.com/giallo.aspx?id=25&type=score|url-status=usurped}}</ref>{{sfn|Kerswell|2012|pages=49–51}} [[Umberto Lenzi]]'s ''[[Eyeball (film)|Eyeball]]'' (1975), which unfolds in an Agatha Christie manner, is noted by some as a slasher precursor, as American tourists are targeted by a killer wearing a red raincoat.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://eurocultav.com/2020/05/21/eyeball-88-films-blu-ray-review/ | title=Eyeball (88 Films) Blu-ray Review |date= May 21, 2020|last=Miller| first=Tyler|access-date=August 6, 2023| website=Euro Cult AV}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.dvddrive-in.com/reviews/e-h/eyeball75blu.htm | title= Eyeball (1975) Blu-ray/DVD combo Director: Umberto Lenzi|access-date= August 6, 2023|last=Cotenas| first=Eric|website=DVD Drive-in}}</ref>

The influence of Hitchcock's ''Psycho'' extended also to ''gialli'', with films such as ''[[The Strange Vice of Mrs. Wardh]]'' (1971),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.grindhousedatabase.com/index.php/The_Strange_Vice_of_Mrs_Wardh/Review |title= The Strange Vice of Mrs Wardh/Review| website=Grindhouse Cinema Database |access-date=August 5, 2023| author=Peter Roberts}}</ref> ''[[The Case of the Scorpion's Tail]]'' (1971)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://s1.thcdn.com/design-assets/documents/arrowfilms/The%20Case%20of%20the%20Scorpion%27s%20Tail.pdf |title=Re-Evaluating The Case Of The Scorpion's Tail: Sergio Martino's Hitchcockian Giallo|access-date=August 4, 2023|author=Rachael Nisbet}}</ref> and ''[[Sette scialli di seta gialla|The Crimes of the Black Cat]]'' (1972)<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.genregrinder.com/post/crimes-of-the-black-cat-blu-ray-review |title= Crimes of the Black Cat Blu-ray Review| website=Genre Grinder |access-date=August 4, 2023|date= January 24, 2022| author=Gabe Powers}}</ref> paying homage to Hitchcock's film. ''Gialli'' were popular in American cinemas and [[drive-in theater]]s. Thriller ''[[Assault (film)|Assault]]'' (1971) and Spanish mystery ''A Dragonfly for Each Corpse'' (1974) share many traits with Italian ''gialli''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gialloscore.com/giallo.aspx?id=33|title=A Dragonfly for Each Corpse|website=GialloScore|access-date=May 15, 2018|archive-date=2018-07-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180730081133/http://www.gialloscore.com/giallo.aspx?id=33|url-status=usurped}}</ref> ''[[Death Steps in the Dark]]'' (1977) spoofed the familiar conventions found in ''giallo'' films.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://files.blogspot.com/2014/04/death-steps-in-dark.html|title=The Giallo Files: Death Steps in the Dark|website=The Giallo Files|access-date=May 15, 2018}}</ref> Despite successes from ''[[Deep Red]]'' (1975) and ''[[The Bloodstained Shadow|The Blood-Stained Shadow]]'' (1978), ''giallo'' films gradually fell out of fashion by the mid-1970s as diminishing returns forced budget cuts.<ref name="Troy-2015"/> Films such as ''Play Motel'' (1979) and ''[[Giallo a Venezia]]'' (1979) exploited their low-budgets with shocking [[Pornographic|hardcore pornography]].{{sfn|Kerswell|2012|pages=54–55}}