Editing Simula (section)

=== Call by name ===
Simula supports [[call by name]]<ref name="CommonBase"/>{{rp|8.2.3}} so the [[Jensen's Device]] can easily be implemented. However, the default transmission mode for simple parameter is [[call by value]], contrary to [[ALGOL]] which used [[call by name]]. The source code for the Jensen's Device must therefore specify [[call by name]] for the parameters when compiled by a Simula compiler.

Another much simpler example is the [[Arithmetic function#Summation functions|summation function]] <math>\sum</math> which can be implemented as follows:

 '''Real''' '''Procedure''' Sigma (k, m, n, u);
    '''Name''' k, u;
    '''Integer''' k, m, n; '''Real''' u;
 '''Begin'''
    '''Real''' s;
    k:= m;
    '''While''' k <= n '''Do''' '''Begin''' s:= s + u; k:= k + 1; '''End''';
    Sigma:= s;
 '''End''';

The above code uses [[call by name]] for the controlling variable (k) and the expression (u).
This allows the controlling variable to be used in the expression.

Note that the Simula standard allows for certain restrictions on the controlling variable
in a [[for loop]]. The above code therefore uses a while loop for maximum portability.

The following:

<math> Z = \sum_{i=1}^{100}{1 \over (i + a)^2}</math>

can then be implemented as follows:

 Z:= Sigma (i, 1, 100, 1 / (i + a) ** 2);