Editing Siberia (section)

===Russian Empire===
[[File:Coat of Arms of Siberian Tsarstvo 1882.svg|thumb|left|upright=0.3|Coat of arms of Siberia, which was a part of the Russian Imperial Coat of Arms until 1917]]
[[File:Map Siberian route english.jpg|thumb|upright=1.75| Map of the [[Siberian Route]] in the 18th century (''green'') and the early 19th century (''red'')]]
By the mid-17th century, Russia had established areas of control that extended to the Pacific Ocean. Some 230,000 Russians had settled in Siberia by 1709.<ref>{{cite web |author= Sean C. Goodlett |url = http://falcon.fsc.edu/sgoodlett/courses/hist1100/lect08.html |title= Russia's Expansionist Policies I. The Conquest of Siberia |publisher= Falcon.fsc.edu |access-date= 15 May 2010 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110511182349/http://falcon.fsc.edu/sgoodlett/courses/hist1100/lect08.html |archive-date= 11 May 2011 |df= dmy-all }}</ref> Siberia became one of the destinations for sending internal [[exile]]s. Exile was the main Russian punitive practice with more than 800,000 people exiled during the nineteenth century.<ref>For example: [https://www.economist.com/news/books-and-arts/21705305-prison-without-roof?fsrc=scn/tw/te/pe/ed/prisonwithoutaroof Prison without a roof]</ref><ref>
{{cite book
 | last1 = Barker
 | first1 = Adele Marie
 | editor1-last = Barker
 | editor1-first = Adele Marie
 | editor2-last = Grant
 | editor2-first = Bruce
 | series = The World Readers
 | title = The Russia Reader: History, Culture, Politics
 | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=B-jWhJMt_9EC
 | location = Durham, North Carolina
 | publisher = Duke University Press
 | date = 2010
 | page = 441
 | isbn = 9780822346487
 | access-date = 11 June 2019
| quote = Throughout Russian history there is a long-standing tradition of imprisoning and sentencing to internal exile (within the country proper) political and religious dissidents. [...] Among those sentenced to internal exile were [...] the Decembrists [...]. Several were executed; others were exiled to Siberia, the Far East, and Kazakhstan.
}}
</ref>

The first great modern change in Siberia was the [[Trans-Siberian Railway]], constructed during 1891–1916. It linked Siberia more closely to the rapidly industrialising Russia of [[Nicholas II of Russia|Nicholas II]] ({{reign | 1894 | 1917}}). Around seven million Russians moved to Siberia from Europe between 1801 and 1914.<ref>{{cite journal|title= Review: The Great Siberian Migration: Government and Peasant in Resettlement from Emancipation to the First World War|journal= The American Historical Review|volume= 63|issue= 4|pages= 989–990| jstor = 1848991 |last1 = Fisher |first1 = Raymond H.|last2= Treadgold|first2= Donald W.|year= 1958|doi= 10.2307/1848991}}</ref> Between 1859 and 1917, more than half a million people migrated to the Russian Far East.<ref>''[https://books.google.com/books?id=Jce4rBWjG5wC&pg=PA62 The Russian Far East: A History]''. John J. Stephan (1996). [[Stanford University Press]]. p.62. {{ISBN|0-8047-2701-5}}</ref> Siberia has extensive natural resources: during the 20th century, large-scale exploitation of these took place, and industrial towns cropped up throughout the region.<ref>Fiona Hill, [http://www.theglobalist.com/printStoryId.aspx?StoryId=3727 Russia&nbsp;— Coming In From the Cold?] {{webarchive|url= https://web.archive.org/web/20130424175110/http://www.theglobalist.com/printStoryId.aspx?StoryId=3727 |date= 24 April 2013 }}, [[The Globalist]], 23 February 2004.</ref>

At 7:15&nbsp;a.m. on 30 June 1908, the [[Tunguska Event]] felled millions of trees near the [[Podkamennaya Tunguska|Podkamennaya Tunguska River (Stony Tunguska River)]] in central Siberia. Most scientists believe this resulted from the [[meteor air burst|air burst]] of a meteor or a comet. Even though no [[crater]] has ever been found, the landscape in the (sparsely inhabited) area still bears the scars of this event.<ref>Farinella, Paolo; Foschini, L.; Froeschlé, Christiane; Gonczi, R.; Jopek, T. J.; Longo, G.; Michel, Patrick (2001). "Probable asteroidal origin of the Tunguska Cosmic Body" (PDF). ''Astronomy & Astrophysics''. '''377'''(3): 1081–1097. [[Bibcode]]:2001A&A...377.1081F. {{doi|10.1051/0004-6361:20011054}}.</ref>