Editing Shopping (section)

==Shopping venues==
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 | caption4 = [[Fashion Center]]. Four different shopping malls near [[New York City]] in [[Paramus, New Jersey|Paramus]], [[Bergen County, New Jersey|Bergen County]], [[New Jersey]], U.S., the top American retailing hub with $6 billion in sales annually. Each mall employs a different [[strategic planning|retail strategy]] to grow and thrive.
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{{Further|Retail format}}
===Shopping hubs===
A larger commercial [[zoning|zone]] can be found in many cities, more formally called a [[central business district]], but more commonly called "[[downtown]]" in the United States, or the "high street" in Britain, and [[souk]]s in [[Arabic language|Arabic]] speaking areas.

Shopping hubs, or [[shopping center]]s, are collections of stores; that is a grouping of several [[business]]es in a compact geographic area. It consists of a collection of retail, entertainment and service stores designed to serve products and services to the surrounding region.

Typical examples include [[shopping mall]]s, [[town square]]s, [[flea markets]] and [[bazaars]].

Traditionally, shopping hubs were called [[bazaar]]s or [[marketplace]]s; an assortment of stalls lining streets selling a large variety of goods.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.dictionary.com/browse/bazaar|title=the definition of bazaar|website=Dictionary.com|access-date=2016-03-30}}</ref>

The modern shopping centre is now different from its antecedents, the stores are commonly in individual buildings or compressed into one large structure (usually called ''Mall'' in the USA).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-shopping.html|title=shopping center Facts, information, pictures {{!}} Encyclopedia.com articles about shopping center|website=www.encyclopedia.com|access-date=2016-03-30}}</ref>

The first modern shopping mall in the US was The [[Country Club Plaza]] in Kansas City which opened in 1922, from there the first enclosed mall was designed by Victor [http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-GruenVic.html Gruen] and opened in 1956 as [[Southdale Center|Southdale Centre]] in Edina, Minnesota, a suburb of Minneapolis.

Malls peaked in America in the 1980s-1990s when many larger malls (more than 37,000 sq m in size) were built, attracting consumers from within a 32&nbsp;km radius with their luxurious department stores.<ref name="encyclopedia.com">{{Cite web|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/shopping_center.aspx#1-1E1:shopping-full|title=shopping center Facts, information, pictures {{!}} Encyclopedia.com articles about shopping center|website=www.encyclopedia.com|access-date=2016-03-30}}</ref>

Different types of malls can be found around the world. ''[[Super-regional mall|Superregional malls]]'' are very large malls that contain at least five department stores and 300 shops. This type of mall attracts consumers from a broad radius (up to a 160-km). A ''regional mall'' can contain at least two department stores or "[[anchor store]]s".<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thefreedictionary.com/anchor+store|title=anchor store|website=TheFreeDictionary.com|access-date=2016-03-30}}</ref> One of the biggest malls in the world is the one near [[Miami]], called "Sawgrass Mills Mall": it has 2,370,610 square feet (220,237 m2) of retail selling space, with over 329 retail outlets and name brand discounters.

The smaller malls are often called open-air strip centres or mini-marts and are typically attached to a grocery store or supermarket.

The smaller malls are less likely to include the same features of a large mall such as an indoor concourse, but are beginning to evolve to become enclosed to comply with all weather and customer preferences.<ref name="encyclopedia.com"/>

===Stores===
[[File:Deb Haaland holiday shopping in Albuquerque in 2019. 03.jpg|thumb|200px|[[Deb Haaland]] shopping at a [[thrift store]] in [[Albuquerque, New Mexico]] in 2019.]]
Stores are divided into multiple categories of stores which sell a selected set of goods or services. Usually they are tiered by target demographics based on the [[disposable income]] of the shopper. They can be tiered from cheap to pricey.

Some shops sell secondhand goods. Often the public can also sell goods to such shops. In other cases, especially in the case of a [[nonprofit]] shop, the public donates goods to these shops, commonly known as [[thrift store]]s in the United States, [[charity shop]]s in the United Kingdom, or [[op shop]]s in Australia and New Zealand. In [[give-away shop]]s goods can be taken for free. In antique shops, the public can find goods that are older and harder to find. Sometimes people are broke and borrow money from a [[pawn shop]] using an item of value as [[Collateral (finance)|collateral]]. College students are known to resell books back through college textbook [[bookstore]]s. Old used items are often distributed through [[surplus store]]s.

Various types of retail stores that specialize in the selling of goods related to a theme include [[bookstore]]s, [[boutique]]s, [[confectionery store|candy shop]]s, [[liquor store]]s, [[gift shop]]s, [[hardware store]]s, [[hobby store]]s, [[pet store]]s, [[pharmacy|pharmacies]], [[sex shop]]s and [[supermarket]]s.

Other stores such as [[big-box store]]s, [[hypermarket]]s, [[convenience store]]s, department stores, [[general store]]s, [[dollar store]]s sell a wider variety of products not [[horizontal market|horizontally]] related to each other.

====Home shopping====
{{main|Home shopping}}
Home [[mail delivery]] systems and modern technology (such as television, telephones, and the Internet), in combination with [[electronic commerce]], allow consumers to shop from home. There are three main types of home shopping: [[mail order|mail]] or telephone ordering from catalogs; telephone ordering in response to advertisements in print and electronic media (such as [[periodicals]], TV and radio); and [[online shopping]]. Online shopping has completely redefined the way people make their buying decisions; the Internet provides access to a lot of information about a particular product, which can be looked at, evaluated, and comparison-priced at any given time. Online shopping allows the buyer to save the time and expense, which would have been spent traveling to the store or mall. According to technology and research firm Forrester, mobile purchases or mcommerce will account for 49% of ecommerce, or $252 billion in sales, by 2020<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.forrester.com/report/Forrester+Research+WebInfluenced+Retail+Sales+Forecast+2015+To+2020+US/-/E-RES129003|title=Forrester Research Web-Influenced Retail Sales Forecast, 2015 To 2020 (US)|website=www.forrester.com|access-date=2016-11-29}}</ref>

====Neighborhood shopping====
Convenience stores are common in North America, and are often called "bodegas" in Spanish-speaking communities or "[[dépanneur]]s" in French-speaking ones. Sometimes [[peddler]]s and [[ice cream truck]]s pass through neighborhoods offering goods and services. Also, [[garage sale]]s are a common form of [[second hand]] resale.

Neighbourhood shopping areas and retailers give value to a community by providing various social and community services (like a [[library]]), and a social place to meet. Neighbourhood retailing differs from other types of retailers such as destination retailers because of the difference in offered products and services, location and popularity.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.boprc.govt.nz/media/90690/2c_successful-neighbourhood-shopping-centres.pdf|title=Successful neighbourhood shopping centres|last=Allan|first=Dr Abigail|date=2009|website=Opus Central Laboratories}}</ref> Neighbourhood retailers include stores such as; Food shops/marts, [[dairies]], [[Pharmacy|Pharmacies]], [[Dry cleaning|Dry cleaners]], [[Hairdresser]]s/[[barber]]s, [[Liquor store|Bottle shops]], [[Coffeehouse|Cafés]] and [[Take-out|take-away]] shops . Destination retailers include stores such as; [[Gift shop]]s, [[Antique shop]]s, Pet groomers, [[Engraving|Engravers]], [[Tattoo artist|Tattoo parlour]], [[Local bike shop|Bicycle shops]], Herbal dispensary clinics, [[Art museum|Art galleries]], Office Supplies and framers.  The neighbourhood retailers sell essential goods and services to the residential area they are located in. There can be many groups of neighbourhood retailers in different areas of a region or city, but destination retailers are often part of [[shopping mall]]s where the numbers of consumers is higher than that of a neighbourhood retail area. The destination retailers are becoming more prevalent as they can provide a community with more than the essentials, they offer an experience, and a wider scope of goods and services.

====Party shopping====
The [[party plan]] is a method of marketing products by hosting a social event, using the event to display and demonstrate the product or products to those gathered, and then to take orders for the products before the gathering ends.