Editing Shenyang (section)

===Warlord Era and Japanese occupation===
[[File:Huanggutun Incident.jpg|thumb|left|Zhang Zuolin's train after the [[Huanggutun Incident]]]]
[[File:Mukden 1931 japan shenyang.jpg|thumb|left|Japanese troops entering Shenyang during Mukden Incident]]
In 1914, the city changed back to its old name Shenyang,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://shenhe.mofcom.gov.cn/gk.shtml |script-title=zh:沈阳市沈河区外经贸之窗 |publisher=[[Ministry of Commerce (China)|Ministry of Commerce]], Shenhe District |access-date=2014-05-29 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20131221093933/http://shenhe.mofcom.gov.cn/gk.shtml |archive-date=2013-12-21}}</ref> but continued to be known as Mukden (sometimes spelled Moukden) in some English sources and in Japan through much of the first half of the 20th century. The postmark of the Chinese postal administration kept the spelling "MOUKDEN/{{lang|zh|奉天}}" for usage on international mails until the late 1920s. After that, a Chinese–Manchurian bilingual type "SHENYANG (MUKDEN)/{{lang|zh-hant|瀋陽}} ({{lang|zh|奉天}})" datestamp was used until 1933.

In the early 20th century, Shenyang began expanding out of its old city walls. The [[Shenyang Railway Station]] on the [[South Manchurian Railway]] and the [[Shenyang North Railway Station]] on the [[Beijing–Harbin Railway|Jingfeng Railway]], both west of the old city, became the new commercial centers of Shenyang.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://epaper.syd.com.cn/sywb/html/2013-10/29/content_954633.htm |script-title=zh:追溯沈阳行政区划的百年印记 |script-work=zh:《沈阳晚报》 |date=2013-10-29 |access-date=2014-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224111530/http://epaper.syd.com.cn/sywb/html/2013-10/29/content_954633.htm |archive-date=2013-12-24}}</ref> In the 1920s, Mukden was the capital of the warlord [[Zhang Zuolin]], who was later assassinated when [[Huanggutun Incident|his train was blown up on 4 June 1928]]<ref>Hata 288</ref> at a Japanese-guarded railway bridge.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/mil/2005-05/27/content_3010148.htm |script-title=zh:日本早期对华侵略: 皇姑屯事件 |work=[[Xinhua]] |access-date=2014-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131230181600/http://news.xinhuanet.com/mil/2005-05/27/content_3010148.htm |archive-date=2013-12-30 }}</ref> At the time, several factories were built by Zhang to manufacture [[ammunition]] in the northern and eastern suburbs. These factories laid the foundation for Shenyang's industrial development.<ref name="syrb">{{cite news |url=http://epaper.syd.com.cn/syrb/html/2009-02/12/content_437143.htm |script-title=zh:奉天军械厂 |date=2009-02-12 |script-work=zh:《沈阳日报》 |access-date=2014-05-29 |author=李彤 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131228002719/http://epaper.syd.com.cn/syrb/html/2009-02/12/content_437143.htm |archive-date=2013-12-28 }}</ref>

At around 10:20 pm on 18 September 1931, a small quantity of dynamite was detonated close to a railway line near Mukden owned by the Japanese [[South Manchuria Railway Company]] by [[Kwantung Army]] Lt. Kawamoto Suemori.<ref>''The Cambridge History of Japan: The twentieth century'', p. 294, Peter Duus, John Whitney Hall, Cambridge University Press: 1989. {{ISBN|978-0-521-22357-7}}</ref><ref name="sjzrb">{{cite news |script-title=zh:82年前"九一八" |url=http://history.gmw.cn/2013-09/16/content_8923090.htm |script-work=zh:《石家庄日报》 |date=2013-09-16 |access-date=2014-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141130061640/http://history.gmw.cn/2013-09/16/content_8923090.htm |archive-date=2014-11-30 }}</ref> The [[Imperial Japanese Army]], accusing Chinese dissidents of the act, then used the [[false flag]] explosion as pretext to launch a full attack on Mukden, and captured the city the following morning (September 19).<ref name="sjzrb"/><ref>{{cite book |last=Behr |first=Edward |title=The Last Emperor |publisher=Bantam |date=1987 |isbn=0-553-34474-9 |page=182}}</ref> After the [[Mukden Incident]], the Japanese further invaded and occupied the rest of Northeast China, and created the [[puppet state]] of [[Manchukuo]] with the deposed emperor [[Aisin Gioro Puyi]] as the [[figurehead]].<ref>Fenby, Jonathan. ''Chiang Kai-shek: China's Generalissimo and the Nation He Lost''. Carroll & Graf: 2003, p. 202</ref> During the Manchukuo era (1932–1945), the city was again called Fengtian (and Mukden in English),<ref name="满洲奉天">{{cite news |author=詹德华 |script-title=zh:初建,一个工业区的诞生 |url=http://epaper.syd.com.cn/sywb/html/2012-04/06/content_790221.htm |script-work=zh:《沈阳晚报》 |date=2012-04-06 |access-date=2014-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412062948/http://epaper.syd.com.cn/sywb/html/2012-04/06/content_790221.htm |archive-date=2012-04-12}}</ref> and was developed by the Japanese into a center of heavy industry.<ref name="满洲奉天"/><ref name="四次城市规划">{{cite web |author=卫岚 |url=http://liaoning.nen.com.cn/liaoning/467/4223467.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131224111659/http://liaoning.nen.com.cn/liaoning/467/4223467.shtml |archive-date=2013-12-24 |script-title=zh:沈阳四次编制城市总体规划 |script-work=zh:东北新闻网 |access-date=2014-05-29}}</ref> Japan was able to exploit resources in Manchuria using the extensive network of railroads.<ref name="日本占领时期">{{cite web |script-title=zh:辽宁沈阳简介 |url=http://ua.sjtu.edu.cn/specialsubject/36city/shenyang.htm |publisher=农业部都市重点实验室 |access-date=2014-05-29 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131212180556/http://ua.sjtu.edu.cn/specialsubject/36city/shenyang.htm |archive-date=2013-12-12}}</ref> For example, vast expanses of Manchurian forest were chopped down.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.japanfocus.org/-Prasenjit-Duara/1715 |title=The New Imperialism and the Post-Colonial Developmental State: Manchukuo in comparative perspective |author=Prasenjit Duara |date=2 July 2008 |access-date=25 July 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100616115234/http://japanfocus.org/-Prasenjit-Duara/1715 |archive-date=16 June 2010 |url-status=live |df=dmy-all}}</ref> The development of Shenyang was also unbalanced in this period; municipal facilities were mostly located in Japanese residential areas, while Chinese residential areas had poor living conditions.<ref name="四次城市规划"/>