Editing Serif (section)

===Didone===
{{Main|Didone (typography)}}
[[Image:Bodoni sample.svg|thumb|right|[[Bodoni]], an example of a modern serif]]
Didone, or modern, serif typefaces, which first emerged in the late 18th century, are characterized by extreme contrast between thick and thin lines.{{efn|Additional subgenres of Didone type include "fat faces" (ultra-bold designs for posters) and "Scotch Modern" designs (used in the English-speaking world for book and newspaper printing).<ref>{{cite web|last1=Shinn|first1=Nick|title=Modern Suite|url=http://shinntype.com/wp-content/uploads/files/pdf/Scotch_Modern.pdf|publisher=Shinntype|access-date=11 August 2015|archive-date=25 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225042806/http://shinntype.com/wp-content/uploads/files/pdf/Scotch_Modern.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> }} These typefaces have a vertical stress and thin serifs with a constant width, with minimal bracketing (constant width). Serifs tend to be very thin, and vertical lines very heavy. Didone fonts are often considered to be less readable than transitional or old-style serif typefaces. Period examples include [[Bodoni]], [[Didot (typeface)|Didot]], and [[Walbaum (typeface)|Walbaum]]. [[Computer Modern]] is a popular contemporary example. The very popular [[Century type family|Century]] is a softened version of the same basic design, with reduced contrast.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Shaw|first1=Paul|title=Overlooked Typefaces|url=http://www.printmag.com/imprint/overlooked-typefaces/|website=Print magazine|date=10 February 2011|access-date=2 July 2015|archive-date=22 June 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622135314/http://www.printmag.com/imprint/overlooked-typefaces/|url-status=live}}</ref> Didone typefaces achieved dominance of printing in the early 19th-century printing before declining in popularity in the second half of the century and especially in the 20th as new designs and revivals of old-style faces emerged.<ref name="Ovink I">{{cite journal|last1=Ovink|first1=G.W.|title=Nineteenth-century reactions against the didone type model - I|journal=Quaerendo|date=1971|volume=1|issue=2|pages=18–31|doi=10.1163/157006971x00301}}</ref><ref name="Ovink II">{{cite journal|last1=Ovink|first1=G.W.|title=Nineteenth-century reactions against the didone type model - II|journal=Quaerendo|date=1971|volume=1|issue=4|pages=282–301|doi=10.1163/157006971x00239}}</ref><ref name="Ovink III">{{cite journal|last1=Ovink|first1=G.W.|title=Nineteenth-century reactions against the didone type model-III|journal=Quaerendo|date=1 January 1972|volume=2|issue=2|pages=122–128|doi=10.1163/157006972X00229}}</ref>

In print, Didone fonts are often used on high-gloss [[Coated paper|magazine paper]] for magazines such as ''[[Harper's Bazaar]]'', where the paper retains the detail of their high contrast well, and for whose [[Corporate identity|image]] a crisp, "European" design of type may be considered appropriate.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Frazier|first1=J. L.|title=Type Lore|date=1925|location=Chicago|page=[https://archive.org/details/typelorepopularf00fraz/page/14 14]|url=https://archive.org/details/typelorepopularf00fraz|access-date=24 August 2015}}</ref><ref name="HFJ Didot introduction">{{cite web|title=HFJ Didot introduction|url=http://www.typography.com/fonts/didot/overview/|publisher=Hoefler & Frere-Jones|access-date=10 August 2015|archive-date=14 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150814033142/http://www.typography.com/fonts/didot/overview/|url-status=live}}</ref> They are used more often for general-purpose body text, such as book printing, in Europe.<ref name="HFJ Didot introduction"/><ref name="HFJ Didot">{{cite web|title=HFJ Didot|url=http://www.typography.com/fonts/didot/features/|publisher=Hoefler & Frere-Jones|access-date=10 August 2015|archive-date=8 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130708130812/http://www.typography.com/fonts/didot/features/|url-status=live}}</ref> They remain popular in the printing of Greek, as the Didot family were among the first to establish a printing press in newly independent Greece.<ref name="A primer on Greek type design">{{cite web|last1=Leonidas|first1=Gerry|title=A primer on Greek type design|url=http://leonidas.org/text-archive/|publisher=Gerry Leonidas/University of Reading|access-date=14 May 2017|archive-date=4 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170104212416/http://leonidas.org/text-archive/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="GFS Didot">{{cite web|title=GFS Didot|url=http://www.greekfontsociety.gr/pages/en_typefaces19th.html|publisher=Greek Font Society|access-date=10 August 2015|archive-date=21 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150821044456/http://www.greekfontsociety.gr/pages/en_typefaces19th.html|url-status=dead}}</ref> The period of Didone types' greatest popularity coincided with the rapid spread of printed [[poster]]s and commercial [[ephemera]] and the arrival of [[bold type]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Eskilson|first1=Stephen J.|title=Graphic design : a new history|date=2007|publisher=Yale University Press|location=New Haven|isbn=9780300120110|page=[https://archive.org/details/graphicdesignnew00eski/page/25 25]|url-access=registration|url=https://archive.org/details/graphicdesignnew00eski/page/25}}</ref><ref name="Affichen-Schriften">{{cite web |last1=Pané-Farré |first1=Pierre |title=Affichen-Schriften |url=https://forgotten-shapes.com/affichen-schriften?article=affichen-schriften |publisher=Forgotten-Shapes |access-date=10 June 2018 |archive-date=12 June 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180612140720/https://forgotten-shapes.com/affichen-schriften?article=affichen-schriften |url-status=live }}</ref> As a result, many Didone typefaces are among the earliest designed for "[[Typeface#Display type|display]]" use, with an ultra-bold "[[fat face]]" style becoming a common sub-genre.<ref name="Fat Faces: Their History, Forms and Use">{{cite book|last1=Johnson|first1=Alfred F.|author-link1=Alfred F. Johnson|title=Selected Essays on Books and Printing|date=1970|pages=409–415|chapter=Fat Faces: Their History, Forms and Use}}</ref><ref name="Fat faces Phinney">{{cite web|last1=Phinney|first1=Thomas|title=Fat faces|url=http://graphic-design.com/typography/design/decorative-display-typestyles|publisher=Graphic Design and Publishing Centre|access-date=10 August 2015|archive-date=9 October 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151009143543/http://www.graphic-design.com/typography/design/decorative-display-typestyles|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="The Story of Our Friend, the Fat Face">{{cite web|last1=Kennard|first1=Jennifer|title=The Story of Our Friend, the Fat Face|url=http://fontsinuse.com/uses/5578/the-story-of-our-friend-the-fat-face|website=Fonts in Use|date=3 January 2014|access-date=11 August 2015|archive-date=9 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211109184124/https://fontsinuse.com/uses/5578/the-story-of-our-friend-the-fat-face|url-status=live}}</ref>