Editing Scottish Terrier (section)

==Health==
[[Image:Scottish Terrier white puppy.jpg|right|thumb|alt="A white Scottish Terrier with its back turned, although its head is turned back towards the camera."|Although black is the most traditional colour for a Scottie, Wheaten Scotties can also be found, as shown in this picture of a Scottie puppy.]]
A 2024 UK study found a life expectancy of 12.7 years for the breed compared to an average of 12.7 for purebreeds and 12 for [[Mongrel|crossbreeds]].<ref>{{cite journal | last1=McMillan | first1=Kirsten M. | last2=Bielby | first2=Jon | last3=Williams | first3=Carys L. | last4=Upjohn | first4=Melissa M. | last5=Casey | first5=Rachel A. | last6=Christley | first6=Robert M. | title=Longevity of companion dog breeds: those at risk from early death | journal=Scientific Reports | publisher=Springer Science and Business Media LLC | volume=14 | issue=1 | date=2024-02-01 | issn=2045-2322 | doi=10.1038/s41598-023-50458-w | page=531| pmid=38302530 | pmc=10834484 | bibcode=2024NatSR..14..531M }}</ref>
Two genetic health concerns seen in the breed are [[von Willebrand disease]] (vWD) and [[craniomandibular osteopathy]] (CMO); [[Scotty Cramp|Scottie cramp]], [[patellar luxation]] and [[cerebellar abiotrophy]] are also sometimes seen in this breed. Common eye conditions seen in a variety of breeds such as [[cataracts]] and [[glaucoma]] can appear in Scotties as they age. There are no specific conditions relating the skin that affect the breed, but they can be affected by common dog related conditions such as [[parasitism|parasites]] and [[mange]].<ref name="stdcomhealth">{{cite web|url=http://www.scottishterrierdog.com/health.htm|title=Overview of serious health conditions in Scottish terrier breed|publisher=Scottish Terrier Dog.com|access-date=2010-02-18}}</ref>

===Cancer in Scottish Terriers===
Scottish Terriers have a greater chance of developing some [[cancer]]s than other purebreds. According to research by the Veterinary Medical Data Program (1986), six cancers that Scotties appeared to be more at risk for (when compared to other breeds) are: (in descending order) [[bladder cancer]] and other [[transitional cell carcinoma]]s of the lower urinary tract; [[malignant melanoma]]; [[gastric carcinoma]]; [[squamous cell carcinoma]] of the skin; [[Lymphoma in animals|lymphosarcoma]] and nasal carcinoma.<ref name="cancer">{{cite web |url=http://www.tartanscottie.com/scottie_cancer_report.htm |title=CANCER: The Scottish Terrier's War On Terror |author=Fry Owen, Carole |publisher=Tartanscottie.com |access-date=2008-08-13}}</ref> Other cancers that are known to commonly affect Scotties include [[Mast cell tumor|mast cell sarcoma]]<ref name=Morrison_1998>{{cite book|author=Morrison, Wallace B.|title=Cancer in Dogs and Cats|edition=1st |publisher=Williams and Wilkins|year=1998|isbn=0-683-06105-4}}</ref> and [[hemangiosarcoma]].<ref name="cancer1">{{cite web |url=http://www.scottiecancer.com/index.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060810154740/http://www.scottiecancer.com/index.html |url-status=usurped |archive-date=10 August 2006 |title=Protecting your dog from cancer |publisher=scottiecancer.com |access-date=2008-08-13}}</ref>

Research has suggested that Scottish Terriers are 20 times more likely to get bladder cancer than other breeds<ref name="cancer2">{{cite web|url=http://www.nestc.co.uk/News.htm |title=Bladder Cancer in the Scottish Terrier |publisher=North of England Scottish Terrier Club |access-date=2008-08-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080606075303/http://www.nestc.co.uk/News.htm |archive-date=6 June 2008 }}</ref> and the most common kind of bladder cancer is transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (TCC).<ref name="cancer"/> Dr. Deborah Knapp of [[Purdue University]] School of Veterinary Medicine has commented "TCC usually occurs in older dogs (average age 11 years) and is more common in females (2:1 ratio of females to males)."<ref name="cancer"/> Symptoms of TCC are [[blood]] in the [[urine]], straining to urinate, and frequent urination—although owners noticing any of these symptoms should also be aware that the same symptoms may also be indicative of a urinary tract infection.<ref name="cancer"/>

The most common and effective form of treatment for TCC is Piroxicam, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that "allows the cancer cells to kill themselves."<ref name="cancer"/>

===Scottie cramp===
[[Scottie cramp]] is an [[autosomal recessive]] hereditary disorder which inhibits the dog's ability to walk. It is caused by a defect in the pathways in the brain that control muscle contraction due to a low level of [[serotonin]] in the body.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.upei.ca/cidd/Diseases/nervous%20system%20disorders/Scotty%20cramp.htm|title=What is Scotty Cramp?|date=30 October 2001|publisher=Canine Inherited Disorders Database|access-date=2010-02-07}}</ref> Typically symptoms only show when the particular dog is under some degree of stress. The front legs are pushed out to the side, the back arches and the rear legs overflex, causing the dog to fall should it be moving at speed. The condition is not seizure related, and the dog remains conscious throughout the event, with symptoms abating once the cause of the stress has been removed.<ref name="ceskycramp">{{cite web|url=http://www.ceskyterrier.co.uk/section213947_68950.html|title=Scottie Cramp|publisher=Cesky Terrier.co.uk|access-date=2010-02-07}}</ref> Currently, there is no known [[genetic testing]] available for Scottie cramp. A diagnosis will come from a veterinarian once diagnostic tests have been conducted. Diagnostic tests for Scottie cramp, include a physical, complete blood count, a biochemistry profile, and a urinalysis.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Muscle Cramps in Scottish Terriers|url=https://www.petmd.com/dog/conditions/musculoskeletal/c_dg_hereditary_noninflammatory_scotty_cramp|access-date=2021-09-18|website=www.petmd.com|language=en}}</ref> Although Scottie cramp is an inherited disease, it is a non-painful, non-life-threatening, episodic disorder. <ref name=":0">{{Cite web|last=dcwd|title=Genetic Issues Scottish Terrier Club of America -|url=https://stca.biz/about-the-breed/health/genetic-issues/|access-date=2021-09-18|website=Scottish Terrier Club of America|language=en-US}}</ref> Affected dogs with Scotty cramp and their litter mates should not be bred, otherwise this disease can be passed to any future offspring they may have.<ref>{{Cite web|last=scottiehealth|date=2013-01-21|title=Cerebellar Abiotrophy (CA) Or Scottie Cramp|url=https://scottishterrierhealth.com/2013/01/21/cerebellar-abiotrophy-ca-or-scottie-cramp/|access-date=2021-09-18|website=Scottish Terrier Health Network|language=en}}</ref>

[[Vitamin E]], [[Diazepam]] and [[Prozac]] have all been shown to be effective treatments should it be required. Scotty cramp is found in other breeds of terrier, including the [[Cesky Terrier]].<ref name="ceskycramp" /> "Episodic Falling", a condition found in [[Cavalier King Charles Spaniel]]s is considered to be similar to this disorder.<ref>{{cite book |title=Textbook of Small Animal Surgery |last=Slatter |first=Douglas H. |date=January 2003 |publisher=W.B. Saunders Company |edition=3rd |isbn=978-0-7216-8607-3 |page=1094 }}</ref>

===Craniomandibular osteopathy===
Also known as "Lion Jaw", "Westie Jaw" or "Scottie Jaw", this condition of [[craniomandibular osteopathy]] is caused by excessive bone growth in the bottom jaw, usually occurring between four and seven months of age. Like Scottie Cramp, it is an autosomal recessive hereditary disorder, and can cause discomfort to the dog when it attempts to chew.<ref>{{cite book|last=Vanderlip|first=Sharon Lynne|title=Scottish Terriers|publisher=Barron's Educational Series|date=31 August 2001|page=[https://archive.org/details/scottishterriers00shar/page/81 81]|isbn=978-0-7641-1639-1|url=https://archive.org/details/scottishterriers00shar|url-access=registration|quote=autoimmune.|access-date=2010-02-08}}</ref> The progression of the condition usually slows down between eleven and thirteen months of age, and is sometimes followed by a slow partial or complete regression.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.petplace.com/dogs/craniomandibular-osteopathy-cmo/page3.aspx|title=Craniomandibular Osteopathy (CMO): Page 3|publisher=PetPlace.com|access-date=2010-02-18}}</ref> Craniomandibular osteopathy can affect dogs of the same litter and symptoms of this disease include, difficulty grasping and chewing food, drooling, and swelling of the face, more specifically, swelling around the jaw.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Craniomandibular Osteopathy (CMO) in Dogs|url=https://www.petplace.com/article/dogs/pet-health/craniomandibular-osteopathy-cmo-in-dogs/|access-date=2021-09-19|website=www.petplace.com|language=en}}</ref> Treatment for Craniomandibular osteopathy does not exist, but the use of Prednisone and cortisone can help to ease symptoms. 

This condition has also been seen in other breeds of dog, such as the [[West Highland White Terrier]], [[Cairn Terrier]], [[Boston Terrier]],<ref name=Ettinger_1995>{{cite book|author1=Ettinger, Stephen J. |author2=Feldman, Edward C. |title=Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine|edition=4th|publisher=W.B. Saunders Company|year=1995|isbn=0-7216-6795-3}}</ref> as well as some larger breeds such as [[Bullmastiff]]s.<ref name=Huch>{{cite journal |author=Huchkowsky S |title=Craniomandibular osteopathy in a bullmastiff |journal=Can Vet J |volume=43 |issue=11 |pages=883–5 |year=2002 |pmid=12497967 |pmc=339767}}</ref> Genetic testing for craniomandibular osteopathy is available at this time and will help to identify the craniomandibular osteopathy mutation.<ref>{{Cite web|title=PCTC: Genetic Testing Information|url=https://www.potomacctc.org/page.php?id=27|access-date=2021-09-19|website=www.potomacctc.org}}</ref>

===Von Willebrand's disease===
Von Willebrand's disease is a hereditary bleeding disorder found in both dogs and humans. DNA testing used widespread by what are known as reputable breeders, has caused a huge decrease in affected dogs.<ref name=":0" /> Once the mutation is found in a dog, the dog should not be bred. This disease is caused by a lack of von Willebrand factor which plays a role in the clotting process of blood. This can cause abnormal platelet function and prolonged bleeding times. Affected dogs can be prone to nose bleeds, and increased bleeding following trauma or surgery. There are three types of this condition with Type I being the most common, while Type II and III being rarer, but more severe. Type I von Willebrand's disease is relatively common in the Scottish Terrier.<ref name="vonW">{{cite web|url=http://www.upei.ca/cidd/Diseases/clinical%20pathology/von%20Willebrand%27s%20disease.htm|title=What is von Willebrand's disease?|date=30 October 2001|publisher=Canine Inherited Disorders Database|access-date=2010-02-18}}</ref>

Type I is more widespread in [[Doberman Pinscher]], but is as common in the [[Shetland Sheepdog]] as the Scottish Terrier. The condition appears in most breeds to some extent, but other breeds with an increased risk include the [[Golden Retriever]], [[German Shepherd Dog]], [[Basset Hound]] and [[Manchester Terrier]].<ref name="vonW" />