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===Religious roots and secularization=== Satanic ritual abuse brought together several groups normally unlikely to associate, including psychotherapists, self-help groups, religious fundamentalists and law enforcement.<ref name = DeYoung1994/> Initial accusations were made in the context of the rising political power of the conservative [[Christian right]] within the United States,<ref name=Donner/> and religious fundamentalists enthusiastically promoted rumors of SRA.<ref name=Intimate/><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Cleary |first=Sarah |date=2022-07-01 |title=Better the Devil you Know: The Myth of Harm and the Satanic Panic |url=https://www.euppublishing.com/doi/abs/10.3366/gothic.2022.0132 |journal=Gothic Studies |volume=24 |issue=2 |pages=167β184 |doi=10.3366/gothic.2022.0132 |issn=1362-7937}}</ref> Psychotherapists who were actively Christian advocated for the diagnosis of [[dissociative identity disorder]] (DID); soon after, accounts similar to ''Michelle Remembers'' began to appear, with some therapists believing the alter egos of some patients were the result of [[demonic possession]].<ref name=Spanos/> [[Protestantism]] was instrumental in starting, spreading, and maintaining rumors through sermons about the dangers of SRA, lectures by purported experts, and prayer sessions, including showings of the 1987 Geraldo Rivera television special.{{sfn |Victor |1993 |pp=[https://archive.org/details/satanicpaniccrea00vict/page/46 46β47] & [https://archive.org/details/satanicpaniccrea00vict/page/n87 68β70]}} Secular proponents appeared,{{sfn |LaFontaine |1998 |pp=[https://books.google.com/books?id=JBxfvDeQdmoC&pg=PA2 2], [https://books.google.com/books?id=JBxfvDeQdmoC&pg=PA12 12], [https://books.google.com/books?id=JBxfvDeQdmoC&pg=PA18 18] & [https://books.google.com/books?id=JBxfvDeQdmoC&pg=PA19 19]}} and child protection workers became significantly involved. Law enforcement trainers, many themselves strongly religious, became strong promoters of the claims and self-described "experts" on the topic. Their involvement in child sexual abuse cases produced more allegations of SRA, adding credibility to the phenomenon.<ref name=Donner/> As the explanations for SRA were distanced from [[evangelicalism|evangelical]] Christianity and associated with "survivor" groups, the motivations ascribed to purported Satanists shifted from combating a religious nemesis, to mind control and abuse as an end to itself.<ref name=Frankfurter2003>{{cite journal |last=Frankfurter |first=David |year=2003 |volume=50 |journal=Numen |title=The Satanic Ritual Abuse Panic as Religious-Studies Data |pages=108β117 |doi=10.1163/156852703321103265 |issn=1568-5276}}</ref> Clinicians, psychotherapists and social workers documented clients with alleged histories of SRA,<ref name = Donner/><ref name=VS>{{cite book |last=Sinason |first=V |title=Treating survivors of satanist abuse |publisher=[[Routledge]] |location=New York |year=1994 |isbn=978-0-415-10543-9}}</ref><ref name=Jonker1991>{{cite journal |last=Jonker |first=F |author2=Jonker-Bakker P |year=1991 |title=Experiences with ritualist child sexual abuse: a case study from the Netherlands |journal=Child Abuse and Neglect |volume=15 |pages=191β96 |url=http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/recordDetail?accno=EJ429991 |access-date=2007-10-20 |pmid=2043971 |doi=10.1016/0145-2134(91)90064-K |issue=3}}</ref> though the claims of therapists were unsubstantiated beyond the testimonies of their clients.<ref name=Lanning/>{{sfn |Victor |1993 |pp=[https://archive.org/details/satanicpaniccrea00vict/page/n105 86β87]}}{{sfn |Frankfurter |2006 |pp=[https://archive.org/details/evilincarnaterum00fran/page/192 192β95]}}
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