Editing Santa Rosa, California (section)

==Geography==
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of {{convert|41.50|sqmi|km2|1|abbr=on}}. Of that area, {{convert|41.29|sqmi|km2|1|abbr=on}} is land and {{convert|0.205|sqmi|km2|1|abbr=on}}, comprising 0.49%, is water.<ref name="U.S. Census">{{Cite US Gazetteer|2010|places|CA}}</ref>

The city is part of the [[North Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)|North Bay]] region, which includes such cities as [[Petaluma, California|Petaluma]], [[Rohnert Park]], [[Windsor, California|Windsor]], and smaller cities as [[Sonoma, California|Sonoma]], [[Healdsburg, California|Healdsburg]], [[Sebastopol, California|Sebastopol]]. It lies along the [[U.S. Route 101 in California|US Route 101]] corridor, approximately {{convert|55|mi|km}} north of [[San Francisco, California|San Francisco]], via the [[Golden Gate Bridge]].

Santa Rosa lies on the Santa Rosa Plain. The city's eastern extremities stretch into the Valley of the Moon, and the [[Sonoma Creek]] [[drainage basin|watershed]] known as the [[Sonoma Valley]]. The city's western edge lies in the [[Laguna de Santa Rosa]] catchment basin.

The city is in the watershed of [[Santa Rosa Creek]], which rises on [[Hood Mountain]] and discharges to the Laguna de Santa Rosa. Tributary basins to Santa Rosa Creek lying significantly in the city are [[Brush Creek (Sonoma County)|Brush Creek]], [[Matanzas Creek]], and [[Piner Creek]]. Other water bodies within the city include [[Fountaingrove Lake]], [[Lake Ralphine]], and [[Santa Rosa Creek Reservoir]].

The prominent visual features east of the city include [[Bennett Mountain|Bennett Peak]], [[Mount Hood (California)|Mount Hood]], and [[Sonoma Mountain|Sonoma]] and [[Taylor Mountain (Sonoma County, California)|Taylor mountain]]s.<ref>{{cite book|title=Transactions of the California State Agricultural Society During the year 1901|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GNw0AQAAMAAJ|year=1903|author=California State Agricultural Society|page=421}}</ref>

===Climate===
Santa Rosa has a [[Mediterranean climate#Warm-summer Mediterranean climate|warm-summer Mediterranean climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''Csb'') with cool, wet winters and warm, dry summers. In the summer, fog and low overcast often move in from the Pacific Ocean during the evenings and mornings. They usually clear up to very warm, sunny weather by late morning or noon before returning in the later evening but will occasionally linger all day. Average annual rainfall is {{convert|32.20|in|mm}}, falling on 74 days annually. The wettest "rain year" was from July 1982 to June 1983 with {{convert|55.66|in|mm|1}} and the driest from July 1976 to June 1977 with {{convert|13.06|in|mm|1}}. The most rainfall in one month was {{convert|19.42|in|mm|1}} in February 1998 and the most rainfall in 24 hours was {{convert|5.23|in|mm|1}} on December 19, 1981. Measurable snowfall is extremely rare in the lowlands, but light amounts sometimes fall in the nearby mountains.

There are an average of 28.9 afternoons with highs of {{convert|90|°F|1}} or more and an average of 30.2 mornings with lows reaching the freezing mark. The record high was {{convert|115|°F|1}} on September 6, 2022, and the record low was {{convert|9|°F|1}} on December 25, 1924.<ref name = NOAA >{{cite web|url = https://w2.weather.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=mtr|title = NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data|publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]|access-date = November 2, 2012}}</ref>
{{Weather box
|location = Santa Rosa, California (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1902–present)
|single line = Y
|Jan record high F = 85
|Feb record high F = 93
|Mar record high F = 91
|Apr record high F = 98
|May record high F = 104
|Jun record high F = 109
|Jul record high F = 113
|Aug record high F = 107
|Sep record high F = 115
|Oct record high F = 105
|Nov record high F = 92
|Dec record high F = 83
|year record high F = 115
| Jan avg record high F  = 68.4
| Feb avg record high F  = 74.1
| Mar avg record high F  = 79.0
| Apr avg record high F  = 84.2
| May avg record high F  = 88.2
| Jun avg record high F  = 96.1
| Jul avg record high F  = 96.7
| Aug avg record high F  = 98.1
| Sep avg record high F  = 98.8
| Oct avg record high F  = 93.1
| Nov avg record high F  = 79.9
| Dec avg record high F  = 68.5
| year avg record high F = 100.5
|Jan high F = 59.7
|Feb high F = 63.6
|Mar high F = 66.9
|Apr high F = 70.6
|May high F = 74.5
|Jun high F = 80.2
|Jul high F = 81.6
|Aug high F = 83.0
|Sep high F = 83.9
|Oct high F = 78.9
|Nov high F = 67.1
|Dec high F = 59.0
|year high F = 72.4
| Jan mean F  = 49.1
| Feb mean F  = 51.8
| Mar mean F  = 54.4
| Apr mean F  = 57.3
| May mean F  = 61.1
| Jun mean F  = 65.6
| Jul mean F  = 66.9
| Aug mean F  = 67.7
| Sep mean F  = 67.5
| Oct mean F  = 63.3
| Nov mean F  = 54.6
| Dec mean F  = 48.6
| year mean F = 59.0
|Jan low F = 38.4
|Feb low F = 40.0
|Mar low F = 41.9
|Apr low F = 43.9
|May low F = 47.8
|Jun low F = 51.1
|Jul low F = 52.1
|Aug low F = 52.5
|Sep low F = 51.0
|Oct low F = 47.6
|Nov low F = 42.0
|Dec low F = 38.2
|year low F = 45.5
| Jan avg record low F  = 29.4
| Feb avg record low F  = 31.2
| Mar avg record low F  = 34.0
| Apr avg record low F  = 36.8
| May avg record low F  = 42.1
| Jun avg record low F  = 45.3
| Jul avg record low F  = 48.2
| Aug avg record low F  = 48.0
| Sep avg record low F  = 45.6
| Oct avg record low F  = 39.8
| Nov avg record low F  = 32.3
| Dec avg record low F  = 29.4
| year avg record low F = 27.2
|Jan record low F = 15
|Feb record low F = 20
|Mar record low F = 24
|Apr record low F = 26
|May record low F = 27
|Jun record low F = 30
|Jul record low F = 39
|Aug record low F = 34
|Sep record low F = 30
|Oct record low F = 24
|Nov record low F = 21
|Dec record low F = 9
|year record low F = 9
|Jan rain inch = 5.78
|Feb rain inch = 6.39
|Mar rain inch = 4.26
|Apr rain inch = 1.98
|May rain inch = 1.28
|Jun rain inch = 0.29
|Jul rain inch = 0.01
|Aug rain inch = 0.04
|Sep rain inch = 0.15
|Oct rain inch = 1.63
|Nov rain inch = 3.25
|Dec rain inch = 6.47
|year rain inch = 31.53
|rain colour = green
|Jan rain days = 11.8
|Feb rain days = 10.4
|Mar rain days = 9.8
|Apr rain days = 7.1
|May rain days = 3.4
|Jun rain days = 1.2
|Jul rain days = 0.3
|Aug rain days = 0.6
|Sep rain days = 1.0
|Oct rain days = 3.3
|Nov rain days = 7.3
|Dec rain days = 10.5
|unit rain days = 0.01 in
| Jan humidity    = 81
| Feb humidity    = 77
| Mar humidity    = 71
| Apr humidity    = 66
| May humidity    = 62
| Jun humidity    = 58
| Jul humidity    = 60
| Aug humidity    = 60
| Sep humidity    = 60
| Oct humidity    = 63
| Nov humidity    = 73
| Dec humidity    = 81
| year humidity   =
| Jan dew point F = 42
| Feb dew point F = 43
| Mar dew point F = 45
| Apr dew point F = 45
| May dew point F = 48
| Jun dew point F = 51
| Jul dew point F = 53
| Aug dew point F = 53
| Sep dew point F = 51
| Oct dew point F = 48
| Nov dew point F = 45
| Dec dew point F = 43
| year dew point F = 
|source 1 = NOAA<ref name = "NOAA"/>
|source 2 = timeanddate.com ([[Charles M. Schulz-Sonoma County Airport]]: mean temperatures, humidity, and dew point 1985–2015)<ref name="timeanddate.com">{{cite web
|url = https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/usa/santa-rosa/climate
|title = Annual Weather Averages Near Santa Rosa
|publisher = timeanddate.com
|access-date = June 13, 2020}}</ref>
}}

===Seismicity===
Santa Rosa lies atop the [[Healdsburg Fault|Healdsburg-Rodgers Creek segment]] of the [[Hayward Fault|Hayward-Rodgers Creek Fault System]]. The Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities estimated a minimum 27 percent chance of a magnitude 6.7 or greater earthquake on this segment by 2037.<ref name=quake>{{cite web |url=http://www.ci.healdsburg.ca.us/Modules/ShowDocument.aspx?documentid=411 |title=Healdsburg 2030 General Plan Update – Revised Draft Environmental Impact Report – IV.G. Geology/Soils |publisher=City of Healdsburg, California |page=IV.G–11 |date=August 20, 2007 |access-date=September 10, 2014 }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

On November 21, 2005, the [[United States Geological Survey]] released a map detailing the results of a new tool that measures ground shaking during an earthquake. The map determined that the [[1906 San Francisco earthquake]] was most powerful in an area between Santa Rosa and what is now [[Sebastopol, California|Sebastopol]], causing more damage in Santa Rosa (for its size) than any other city affected.<ref name="1906_quake">{{cite press release | title=USGS Produces New Map Showing Detailed Ground Shaking in Great San Francisco Old Maps, even Old Cemeteries, Provide New Clues for Modern Intensity Tool | url=http://www.usgs.gov/newsroom/article.asp?ID=693 | publisher = United States Geoloogical Survey | date=April 14, 2005 |access-date=September 9, 2014}}</ref>

On October 1, 1969, [[1969 Santa Rosa earthquakes|two earthquakes]] of magnitudes 5.6 and 5.7 shook Santa Rosa, damaging about 100 structures. They were the strongest quakes to affect the city since 1906. The epicenters were about {{convert|2|mi|km|spell=in}} north of Santa Rosa.

===Nature and wildlife===
Due to its population, much of Santa Rosa's remaining undisturbed area is on its urban fringe. However, the principal wildlife corridors of [[Santa Rosa Creek]] and its tributaries flow right through the heart of the town. [[Great blue herons]], [[great egret]]s, [[snowy egret]]s and [[black-crowned night heron|black-crowned herons]] nest in the trees of the median strip on West Ninth Street as well as along Santa Rosa Creek and downtown. [[Deer]] often are spotted roaming the neighborhoods nearer the eastern hills, as deep into town as Franklin Avenue and the McDonald area; rafters of [[wild turkeys]] are relatively common in some areas; and [[cougar|mountain lions]] are occasionally observed within city limits. [[Raccoon]]s and [[Virginia opossum|opossum]]s are a common sight throughout the city, while [[fox]]es, and [[rabbit]]s may be regularly seen in the more rural areas. In addition, the city borders and then wraps around the northern end of Trione Annadel State Park, which itself extends into the Sonoma Mountains and Sonoma Valley. [[Trione-Annadel State Park]] also adjoins Spring Lake County Park and Howarth Park, forming one contiguous park system that enables visitors to venture into wild native habitats.

===Neighborhoods===
[[File:Rrsqrazorback.jpg|thumb|Restaurants and other retail stores occupy several historic buildings in Santa Rosa's Railroad Square district in the downtown area, including these along Fourth Street.]]
Santa Rosa can be seen as divided into four quadrants: Northeast, Southeast, Southwest, and Northwest. [[U.S. Route 101 in California|U.S. Route 101]] runs roughly north–south through the city, and divides it into east and west sides. [[California State Route 12|State Route 12]] runs roughly east–west, and divides the city into north and south sides.

[[Neighborhood]]s, including both current ones and areas formerly known and named, include:
{{columns-list|colwidth=15em|
* Apple Tree I and II
* Bennett Valley
* Burbank Gardens Historic District
* Cherry Street Historic District
* Coffey Park
* Dutton Avenue
* [[Fountain Grove, California|Fountain Grove]]
* Hidden Valley
* Holland Heights
* Indian Village
* Juilliard Park
* Junior College<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.srjcneighbors.org/|title=Junior College Neighborhood Association|website=srjcneighbors.org|access-date=September 10, 2014}}</ref>
* Lomita Heights
* McDonald Mansion Historic District
*[[Monroe District (Santa Rosa, California)|Monroe District]], an area historically known, from 1870s on
* Montecito Heights
* Montgomery Village
* Moorland Avenue
* North Junior College<ref>{{cite web|url=http://northjcneighbors.wordpress.com/|title=North J.C. Neighborhood Association|website=wordpress.com|access-date=September 10, 2014}}</ref>
* North West Santa Rosa
* Oakmont Village<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oakmontvillage.com/|website=OakmontVillage.com|title=Oakmont Village Active Adult Community|access-date=September 10, 2014}}</ref>
* Olive Park
* [[Railroad Square District]]
* [[Ridgway Historic District (Santa Rosa, California)|Ridgway Historic District]]
* Rincon Valley
* [[Roseland, California|Roseland]]
* Santa Rosa Avenue
* Skyhawk
* Spring Lake
* Annadel Heights
* [[South Park, Santa Rosa, California|South Park]]
* St. Rose Historic District<ref>{{cite web |title=Saint Rose Historic Neighborhood |access-date=April 10, 2013 |url=http://strosedistrict.org/ |website=strosedistrict.org}}</ref>
* Stonegate
* Town & Country/Grace Tract
* West 3rd
* West End Arts and Theater District
* West End Historic District<ref>{{cite web|url=http://srwestend.com/|title=Santa Rosa West End Neighborhood and Historic District|website=srwestend.com|access-date=September 10, 2014}}</ref>
* West Junior College
* Valley Oak
}}