Editing Sabines (section)

==At Rome==

===Legend of the Sabine women===
{{main|The Rape of the Sabine Women}}
Legend says that the [[Roman Kingdom|Romans]] abducted Sabine women to populate the newly built Rome. The resultant war ended only by the women throwing themselves and their children between the armies of their fathers and their husbands. The Rape of the Sabine Women became a common motif in art; the women ending the war is a less frequent but still reappearing motif.

According to [[Livy]], after the conflict, the Sabine and Roman states merged, and the Sabine king [[Titus Tatius]] jointly ruled Rome with [[Romulus]] until Tatius' death five years later. Three new [[centuria|centuries]] of [[Equites]] were introduced at Rome, including one named Tatienses, after the Sabine king.

A variation of the story is recounted in the pseudepigraphal [[Sefer haYashar (midrash)|''Sefer haYashar'']] (see [[s:Book of Jasher/Chapter 17|Jasher 17:1–15]]).

===Traditions===
Tradition suggests that the population of the early [[Roman Kingdom|Roman kingdom]] was the result of a union of Sabines and others. Some of the [[gens|gentes]] of the [[Roman Republic|Roman republic]] were proud of their Sabine heritage, such as the [[Claudia gens]], assuming Sabinus as a [[cognomen]] or [[agnomen]]. Some specifically Sabine deities and [[cult]]s were known at Rome: [[Semo Sancus]] and [[Quirinus]], and at least one area of the town, the [[Quirinale]], where the temples to those latter deities were located, had once been a Sabine centre. The extravagant claims of [[Varro]] and [[Cicero]] that [[augury]], [[divination]] by dreams and the worship of [[Minerva]] and [[Mars (mythology)|Mars]] originated with the Sabines are disputable, as they were general Italic and Latin customs, as well as [[Etruscan civilization|Etruscan]], even though they were espoused by [[Numa Pompilius]], second king of Rome and a Sabine.<ref name=smith_sabini>{{cite encyclopedia|title=Sabini|encyclopedia=Dictionary of Greek and Roman geography|year=1857|first=Edward Herbert|last=Bunbury|editor-first=William|editor-last=Smith|volume=II Iabadius – Zymethus|location=Boston|publisher=Little, Brown and Company}}{{ISBN?}}</ref>

===Religion===
{{See also|Samnite religion}}
==== Sabine gods ====
{{See also|List of Roman deities#Sabine gods|Samnite gods}}
[[File:Sancus.png|right|thumb|Statue of [[Semo Sancus]] from his shrine on the [[Quirinal]]]]

{{div col|colwidth=15em}}
*[[Angitia]]
*[[Diana (mythology)|Diana]]{{efn|name=Roman|Later adopted into [[ancient Roman religion]].<ref name=Varro/>}}
*[[Feronia (mythology)|Feronia]]{{efn|name=Roman}}
*[[Fortuna]]{{efn|name=Roman}}
*[[Fontus|Fons]]{{efn|name=Roman}}
*[[Fides (goddess)|Fides]]{{efn|For [[Fides (goddess)|''Fides'']], see also [[Semo Sancus]] or [[Dius Fidius]].}}{{efn|name=Roman}}<ref>Woodard, Roger D. ''Indo-European Sacred Space: Vedic and Roman cult''. p 184.{{when|date=October 2021}}</ref>
*[[Flora (mythology)|Flora]]{{efn|name=Roman}}
*[[Herentas]] {{small|(equivalent of [[Venus (mythology)|Venus]])}}<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Scheid|first=John|date=2016-03-07|title=Venus|doi=10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.6730|journal=Oxford Classical Dictionary|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-938113-5}}</ref>
*the [[Lares]] {{small|(guardian deities)}}{{efn|name=Roman}}
*[[Larunda]]{{efn|name=Roman}}
*[[Lucina (goddess)|Lucina]]{{efn|name=Roman}}
*[[Luna (mythology)|Luna]]{{efn|name=Roman}}
*[[Mars (mythology)|Mamers]]{{efn|God of war, with thunder attributes.}}{{efn|name=Roman}}
*[[Mefitis]]
*[[Minerva]]{{efn|name=Roman}}
*the [[Novensiles|Novensides]]<ref>Or [[Novensiles]]: the spelling ''-d-'' for ''-l-'' is characteristic of the [[Sabine language]]</ref>{{efn|name=Roman}} {{small|(council of thunder gods)}}
*[[Ops]]{{efn|name=Roman}}
*[[Pales]]{{efn|name=Roman}}
*[[Quirinus]]{{efn|name=Roman}}
*[[Sabus]]
*[[Salus]]{{efn|name=Roman}}
*[[Sancus]]
*[[Saturn (mythology)|Saturn]]{{efn|name=Roman}}
*[[Sol (Roman mythology)|Sol]]{{efn|name=Roman}}
*[[Soranus (mythology)|Soranus]]{{efn|name=Suri|God of underworld fire, with thunder attributes.}}
*[[Strenia]]
*[[Summanus]]{{efn|God of darkness, with thunder attributes.}}{{efn|name=Roman}}
*[[Terminus (god)|Terminus]]{{efn|name=Roman}}
*[[Vacuna]]
*[[Vejovis|Vediovis]]{{efn|name=Suri}}{{efn|name=Roman}}
*[[Vertumnus|Vortumnus]]{{efn|name=Roman}}
*{{ill|Vitula (goddess)|lt=Vitula|it|Vitula}}
*[[Vulcan (mythology)|Vulcan]]{{efn|name=Roman}}
{{div col end}}

Many of these deities were shared with the [[Etruscan religion]], and were also adopted into the derivative [[Samnite religion|Samnite]] and [[ancient Roman religion]].
Roman author [[Varro]], who was himself of Sabine origin, gives a list of Sabine gods who were adopted by the Romans.<ref name=Varro>Varro, [https://archive.org/details/onlatinlanguage01varruoft/page/70/mode/2up ''De Lingua Latina'' 5.74]</ref>
Elsewhere, Varro claims [[Sol Indiges]] – who had a [[sacred grove]] at [[Lavinium]] – as Sabine but at the same time equates him with [[Apollo]].<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Varro]]|title=De lingua latina|at=5.68}}</ref><ref>Rehak, Paul (2006). ''Imperium and Cosmos: Augustus and the northern Campus Martius''. University of Wisconsin Press. p 94.</ref> Of those listed, he writes, "several names have their roots in both languages, as trees that grow on a property line creep into both fields. Saturn, for instance, can be said to have another origin here, and so too Diana."{{efn|{{langx|la|e quis nonnulla nomina in utraque lingua habent radices, ut arbores quae in confinio natae in utroque agro serpunt: potest enim Saturnus hic de alia causa esse dictus atque in Sabinis, et sic Diana.}}}}

Varro makes various claims for Sabine origins throughout his works, some more plausible than others, and his list should not be taken at face value.<ref>Clark, Anna. (2007). ''Divine Qualities: Cult and community in republican Rome''. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp 37–38;<br />[[Emma Dench|Dench, Emma]]. (2005). ''Romulus' Asylum: Roman Identities from the Age of Alexander to the Age of Hadrian''. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. pp 317–318.</ref> But the importance of the Sabines in the early cultural formation of Rome is evidenced, for instance, by the [[Rape of the Sabine Women|bride abduction of the Sabine women]] by [[Romulus]]'s men, and in the Sabine ethnicity of [[Numa Pompilius]], second [[king of Rome]], to whom are attributed many of Rome's religious and legal institutions.<ref>[[William Warde Fowler|Fowler, W.W.]] (1922). ''The Religious Experience of the Roman People''. London, UK. p 108.</ref> Varro, however, says that the altars to most of these gods were established at Rome by [[Titus Tatius|King Tatius]] as the result of a vow (''[[votum]]'').{{efn|Tatius is said by Varro to have dedicated altars to "[[Ops]], [[Flora (mythology)|Flora]], [[Vejovis|Vediovis]], and [[Saturn (mythology)|Saturn]]; to [[Sol (Roman mythology)|Sol]], [[Luna (goddess)|Luna]], [[Vulcan (god)|Vulcan]], and [[Summanus]]; and likewise to [[Larunda]], [[Terminus (god)|Terminus]], [[Quirinus]], [[Vertumnus|Vortumnus]], the [[Lares]], [[Diana (goddess)|Diana]], and [[Lucina (goddess)|Lucina]]."}}