Editing S&P 500 (section)

==Performance==
{{See also|Closing milestones of the S&P 500|List of recessions in the United States}}
[[File:S&P 500 Buybacks and Dividends.webp|thumb|500px|S&P 500 Buybacks and Dividends (quarterly) <br /> {{color box|lightgreen}} [[Stock buyback]] <br /> {{color box|green}} [[Dividend]]s]]
[[File:S & P 500 Annual Returns.webp|500px|right|S&P 500 annual returns]]

Since its inception in 1926, the index's [[compound annual growth rate]]—including [[dividend]]s—has been approximately 9.8% (6% after [[inflation]]), with the [[standard deviation]] of the return, calculated on a monthly basis, over the same time period being 20.81%. While the index has declined in several years by over 30%,<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.cnbc.com/2017/06/18/the-sp-500-has-already-met-its-average-return-for-a-full-year.html | title=The S&P 500 has already met its average return for a full year, but don't expect it to stay here | first=Michael | last=Santoli | work=[[CNBC]] | date=June 18, 2017}}</ref> it has posted annual increases 70% of the time,<ref name=love>{{cite news | url=https://money.usnews.com/investing/investing-101/articles/2018-10-02/why-investors-love-the-s-p-500 | title=Why Investors Love the S&P 500 | first=Lou | last=Carlozo | work=[[U.S. News & World Report]] | date=October 2, 2018}}</ref> with 5% of all trading days resulting in record highs.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://fortune.com/2020/02/27/coronavirus-stock-market-worries-dont-panic-economy/ | title=Worried about the stock market? Resist the urge to panic | first=Ben | last=Carlson | work=[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]] | date=February 27, 2020 | url-access=limited}}</ref>

Returns are generally quoted as [[price return]]s (excluding returns from dividends). However, they can also be quoted as [[total return]], which includes returns from [[dividend]]s and the reinvestment thereof, and "net total return", which reflects the effects of dividend reinvestment after the deduction of [[withholding tax]].<ref name=sp500r/>

{| class="wikitable mw-collapsible sortable" style="text-align:right;"
|+ class="nowrap" | Show / Hide table
! rowspan=2|Year
! rowspan=2|Change in<br>Index
! rowspan=2|Total<br>Annual Return,<br>including<br>dividends
! rowspan=2|Value of $1.00<br>invested on<br>January 1, 1970
! colspan=5|Annualized Return over
|-
! 5 years
! 10 years
! 15 years
! 20 years
! 25 years
|-
|1961

|  23.13%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1962

| style="color:red"| -11.81%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1963

|  18.89%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1964

|  12.97%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1965

|  9.06%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1966

| style="color:red"| -13.09%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1967

|  20.09%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1968

|  7.66%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1969

| style="color:red"| -11.36%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1970

|  0.10%
|  4.01%
|  $1.04
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1971
|  10.79%
|  14.31%
|  $1.19
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1972
|  15.63%
|  18.98%
|  $1.41
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1973
| style="color:red"| −17.37%
| style="color:red"|  −14.66%
|  $1.21
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1974
| style="color:red"| −29.72%
| style="color:red"|  −26.47%
|  $0.89
|  style="color:red"| −2.35%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1975
|  31.55%
|  37.20%
|  $1.22
|  3.21%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1976
|  19.15%
|  23.84%
|  $1.51
|  4.87%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1977
| style="color:red"| −11.50%
| style="color:red"|  −7.18%
|  $1.40
| style="color:red"|  −0.21%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1978
|  1.06%
|  6.56%
|  $1.49
|  4.32%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1979
|  12.31%
|  18.44%
|  $1.77
|  14.76%
|  5.86%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1980
|  25.77%
|  32.50%
|  $2.34
|  13.96%
|  8.45%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1981
| style="color:red"| −9.73%
| style="color:red"|  −4.92%
|  $2.23
|  8.10%
|  6.47%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1982
|  14.76%
|  21.55%
|  $2.71
|  14.09%
|  6.70%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1983
|  17.27%
|  22.56%
|  $3.32
|  17.32%
|  10.63%
|  -
|  -
|  -
|-
|1984
|  1.40%
|  6.27%
|  $3.52
|  14.81%
|  14.78%
|  8.76%
|  -
|  -
|-
|1985
|  26.33%
|  31.73%
|  $4.64
|  14.67%
|  14.32%
|  10.49%
|  -
|  -
|-
|1986
|  14.62%
|  18.67%
|  $5.51
|  19.87%
|  13.83%
|  10.76%
|  -
|  -
|-
|1987
|  2.03%
|  5.25%
|  $5.80
|  16.47%
|  15.27%
|  9.86%
|  -
|  -
|-
|1988
|  12.40%
|  16.61%
|  $6.76
|  15.31%
|  16.31%
|  12.17%
|  -
|  -
|-
|1989
|  27.25%
|  31.69%
|  $8.90
|  20.37%
|  17.55%
|  16.61%
|  11.55%
|  -
|-
|1990
| style="color:red"| −6.56%
| style="color:red"| −3.10%
|  $8.63
|  13.20%
|  13.93%
|  13.94%
|  11.16%
|  -
|-
|1991
|  26.31%
|  30.47%
|  $11.26
|  15.36%
|  17.59%
|  14.34%
|  11.90%
|  -
|-
|1992
|  4.46%
|  7.62%
|  $12.11
|  15.88%
|  16.17%
|  15.47%
|  11.34%
|  -
|-
|1993
|  7.06%
|  10.08%
|  $13.33
|  14.55%
|  14.93%
|  15.72%
|  12.76%
|  -
|-
|1994
| style="color:red"| −1.54%
|  1.32%
|  $13.51
|  8.70%
|  14.38%
|  14.52%
|  14.58%
|  10.98%
|-
|1995
|  34.11%
|  37.58%
|  $18.59
|  16.59%
|  14.88%
|  14.81%
|  14.60%
|  12.22%
|-
|1996
|  20.26%
|  22.96%
|  $22.86
|  15.22%
|  15.29%
|  16.80%
|  14.56%
|  12.55%
|-
|1997
|  31.01%
|  33.36%
|  $30.48
|  20.27%
|  18.05%
|  17.52%
|  16.65%
|  13.07%
|-
|1998
|  26.67%
|  28.58%
|  $39.19
|  24.06%
|  19.21%
|  17.90%
|  17.75%
|  14.94%
|-
|1999
|  19.53%
|  21.04%
|  $47.44
|  28.56%
|  18.21%
|  18.93%
|  17.88%
|  17.25%
|-
|2000
| style="color:red"| −10.14%
| style="color:red"|  −9.10%
|  $43.12
|  18.33%
|  17.46%
|  16.02%
|  15.68%
|  15.34%
|-
|2001
| style="color:red"| −13.04%
| style="color:red"|  −11.89%
|  $37.99
|  10.70%
|  12.94%
|  13.74%
|  15.24%
|  13.78%
|-
|2002
| style="color:red"| −23.37%
|style="color:red"|   −22.10%
|  $29.60
| style="color:red"|  −0.59%
|  9.34%
|  11.48%
|  12.71%
|  12.98%
|-
|2003
|  26.38%
|  28.68%
|  $38.09
|style="color:red"|   −0.57%
|  11.07%
|  12.22%
|  12.98%
|  13.84%
|-
|2004
|  8.99%
|  10.88%
|  $42.23
| style="color:red"|  −2.30%
|  12.07%
|  10.94%
|  13.22%
|  13.54%
|-
|2005
|  3.00%
|  4.91%
|  $44.30
|  0.54%
|  9.07%
|  11.52%
|  11.94%
|  12.48%
|-
|2006
|  13.62%
|  15.79%
|  $51.30
|  6.19%
|  8.42%
|  10.64%
|  11.80%
|  13.37%
|-
|2007
|  3.53%
|  5.49%
|  $54.12
|  12.83%
|  5.91%
|  10.49%
|  11.82%
|  12.73%
|-
|2008
| style="color:red"| −38.49%
| style="color:red"|  −37.00%
|  $34.09
| style="color:red"|  −2.19%
| style="color:red"|  −1.38%
|  6.46%
|  8.43%
|  9.77%
|-
|2009
|  23.45%
|  26.46%
|  $43.11
|  0.41%
| style="color:red"|  −0.95%
|  8.04%
|  8.21%
|  10.54%
|-
|2010
|  12.78%
|  15.06%
|  $49.61
|  2.29%
|  1.41%
|  6.76%
|  9.14%
|  9.94%
|-
|2011
| style="color:red"| -0.00%
|  2.11%
|  $50.65
| style="color:red"|  −0.25%
|  2.92%
|  5.45%
|  7.81%
|  9.28%
|-
|2012
|  13.41%
|  16.00%
|  $58.76
|  1.66%
|  7.10%
|  4.47%
|  8.22%
|  9.71%
|-
|2013
|  29.60%
|  32.39%
|  $77.79
|  17.94%
|  7.40%
|  4.68%
|  9.22%
|  10.26%
|-
|2014
|  11.39%
|  13.69%
|  $88.44
|  15.45%
|  7.67%
|  4.24%
|  9.85%
|  9.62%
|-
|2015
| style="color:red"| −0.73%
|  1.38%
|  $89.66
|  12.57%
|  7.30%
|  5.00%
|  8.19%
|  9.82%
|-
|2016
|  9.54%
|  11.96%
|  $100.38
|  14.66%
|  6.94%
|  6.69%
|  7.68%
|  9.15%
|-
|2017
|  19.42%
|  21.83%
|  $122.30
|  15.79%
|  8.49%
|  9.92%
|  7.19%
|  9.69%
|-
|2018
| style="color:red"| −6.24%
|  style="color:red"| −4.38%
|  $116.94
|  8.49%
|  13.12%
|  7.77%
|  5.62%
|  9.07%
|-
|2019
|  28.88%
|  31.49%
|  $153.76
|  11.70%
|  13.56%
|  9.00%
|  6.06%
|  10.22%
|-
|2020
|  16.26%
|  18.40%
|  $182.06
|  15.22%
|  13.89%
|  9.88%
|  7.47%
|  9.56%
|-
|2021
|  26.89%
|  28.71%
|  $234.33
|  18.48%
|  16.55%
|  10.66%
|  9.52%
|  9.76%
|-
|2022
| style="color:red"| −19.44%
| style="color:red"|  −18.11%
|  $191.89
|  9.43%
|  12.56%
|  8.80%
|  9.80%
|  7.64%
|-
|2023
|  24.23%
|  26.29%
|  $242.34
|  15.69%
|  12.03%
|  13.97%
|  9.69%
|  7.56%
|-
|2024
|  23.31%
|  25.02%
|  $302.97
|  14.53%
|  13.10%
|  13.88%
|  10.35%
|  7.70%
|-
!High
!  34.11%
!  37.58%
!  ---
!  28.56%
!  19.21%
!  18.93%
!  17.88%
!  17.25%
|-
!Low
!  −38.49%
!  −37.00%
!  ---
!  −2.35%
!  −1.38%
!  4.24%
!  5.62%
!  7.56%
|-
!Median
!  12.40%
!  15.79%
!  ---
!  14.09%
!  12.75%
!  10.76%
!  11.25%
!  10.26%
|-
! rowspan=2|Year
! rowspan=2|Change in<br>Index
! rowspan=2|Total<br>Annual Return,<br>including<br>dividends
! rowspan=2|Value of $1.00<br>invested on<br>January 1, 1970
! colspan=5|Annualized Return over
|-
! 5 years
! 10 years
! 15 years
! 20 years
! 25 years
|}