Editing Rotterdam (section)

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations
|align       = right
|cols        = 2
|percentages = pagr
|source      = {{Harvnb|Lourens|Lucassen|1997|pp=116–117}} (1398–1795)<br>[[Statistics Netherlands]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Population dynamics; birth, death and migration per region
|url=https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/en/dataset/37259eng/table?ts=1742391441388|publisher=[[Statistics Netherlands]]}}</ref>
|1398 |2500
|1477 |5738
|1494 |4374
|1514 |5116
|1622 |19532
|1632 |29500
|1665 |40000
|1732 |56000
|1795 |53212
|1830 |72300
|1849 |90100
|1879 |148100
|1899 |318500
|1925 |547900
|1950|679005|1960|733693|1970|697469|1980|594027|1990|593339|2000|606021|2010|605543|2020|651157}}
[[File:Rotterdam population pyramid.svg|thumb|Rotterdam population pyramid in 2022]]
{| class="wikitable floatright plainrowheaders"
|+Population by country of birth of parents of residents in 2018{{efn|Residents with a mixed background are counted in the non-Dutch groupings}}<ref>{{cite web |title=CBS StatLine – Bevolking; leeftijd, herkomstgroepering, geslacht en regio, 1 januari |url=http://statline.cbs.nl/Statweb/publication/?DM=SLNL&PA=37713&D1=0-8&D2=0&D3=1-2,6-55&D4=603&D5=l&HDR=T,G4&STB=G1,G3,G2&VW=T |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170630224048/http://statline.cbs.nl/Statweb/publication/?DM=SLNL&PA=37713&D1=0-8&D2=0&D3=1-2,6-55&D4=603&D5=l&HDR=T,G4&STB=G1,G3,G2&VW=T |archive-date=30 June 2017 |access-date=30 August 2015}}</ref>
|-
! scope="col" | Country/Territory
! scope="col" | Population
! scope="col" | Percentage
|-
! scope="row" | {{flagicon|NED}} [[Netherlands]]
| 313,861
| 46.1%
|-
! scope="row" | {{flagicon|SUR}} [[Suriname]]
| 52,620
| 8.2%
|-
! scope="row" | {{flagicon|TUR}} [[Turkey]]
| 47,712
| 7.5%	
|-
! scope="row" | {{flagicon|MAR}} [[Morocco]]
| 44,164
| 6.9%
|-
! scope="row" | {{flagicon|NED}} [[Dutch Caribbean]]
| 24,836
| 3.9%
|-
! scope="row" | {{flagicon|CPV}} [[Cape Verde]]
| 15,411
| 2.4%
|-
! scope="row" | {{flagicon|IDN}} [[Indonesia]]
| 11,952
| 1.9%
|-
! scope="row" | {{flagicon|POL}} [[Poland]]
| 9,714
| 1.5%
|-
! scope="row" | {{flagicon|GER}} [[Germany]]
| 9,565
| 1.5%
|-
! scope="row" | {{flagicon|YUG}} [[Ex-Yugoslavia]]
| 9,369
| 1.5%
|-
! scope="row" | {{flagicon|PRC}} [[Mainland China]]
| 7,218
| 1.1%
|-
! scope="row" | Other 
| 92,290 
| 14.5%
|}

Rotterdam is diverse, with the demographics differing by neighbourhood. The city centre has a disproportionately high number of single people when compared to other cities, with 70% of the population between the ages of 20 and 40 identifying as single.<ref>{{cite web |title=Rotterdam Population 2018 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs) |url=http://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/rotterdam-population/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116173257/http://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/rotterdam-population/ |archive-date=16 November 2018 |access-date=16 November 2018 |website=worldpopulationreview.com}}</ref> Those with higher education and higher income live disproportionately in the city centre, as do foreign-born citizens.

===Composition===
{{See also|Districts and neighbourhoods of Rotterdam}}
The [[Municipalities of the Netherlands|municipality]] of Rotterdam is part of the [[Rotterdam–The Hague metropolitan area]] which, as of 2015, covers an area of 1,130&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>, of which 990&nbsp;km&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> is land, and has a population of approximately 2,563,197. As of 2019, the municipality itself occupies an area of 325.79&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>, 208.80&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup> of which is land, and is home to 638,751 inhabitants.<ref>{{cite web |last=World Population Review |date=2019 |title=Population of Cities in Netherlands (2019) |url=http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/netherlands-population/cities/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711093539/http://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/netherlands-population/cities/ |archive-date=11 July 2019 |access-date=11 July 2019}}</ref> Its population peaked at 731,564 in 1965, but the dual processes of [[suburbanization]] and [[counterurbanization]] saw this number steadily decline over the next 2 decades, reaching 560,000 by 1985.<ref>{{cite web |last=The Joseph Rowntree Foundation |date=2016 |title=International cities: case studies Rotterdam |url=https://www.jrf.org.uk/sites/default/files/jrf/files-research/international_cities_rotterdam.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190711093545/https://www.jrf.org.uk/sites/default/files/jrf/files-research/international_cities_rotterdam.pdf |archive-date=11 July 2019 |access-date=11 July 2019}}</ref><ref name="Pijbes 2016">{{cite web |last=Pijbes |first=Wim |date=November 2016 |title=Rotterdam city of culture and tourist destination: a study |url=https://iabrotterdam.com/iab-en/assets/File/Analysis%20by%20Wim%20Pijbes.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191014032100/https://iabrotterdam.com/iab-en/assets/File/Analysis%20by%20Wim%20Pijbes.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-date=14 October 2019 |access-date=11 July 2019}}</ref> Although Rotterdam has experienced population growth since then, it has done so at a slower pace than comparable cities in the Netherlands, like Amsterdam, The Hague and Utrecht.<ref name="Pijbes 2016" />

Rotterdam consists of 14 submunicipalities: [[Rotterdam Centrum|Centrum]], [[Charlois]] (including Heijplaat), [[Delfshaven]], [[Feijenoord]], [[Hillegersberg-Schiebroek]], [[Hook of Holland]], [[Hoogvliet]], [[IJsselmonde, Rotterdam|IJsselmonde]], [[Kralingen-Crooswijk]], [[Noord, Rotterdam|Noord]], [[Overschie]], [[Pernis, Netherlands|Pernis]], and [[Prins Alexander]] (the most populous submunicipality with around 85,000 inhabitants). One other area, [[Rozenburg]], does have an official submunicipality status since 18 March 2010. Since the status of a [[Deelgemeente|submunicipality]] was lifted on 19 March 2014, it became an integral part of the municipality of Rotterdam.

The size of the municipality of Rotterdam is the result of the amalgamation of the following former municipalities,<ref>{{Repertorium Nederlandse Gemeenten}}</ref> some of which were a [[Deelgemeente|submunicipality]] prior to 19 March 2014:

*[[Delfshaven]] (added on 30 January 1886)
*[[Charlois]] (added on 28 February 1895)
*[[Kralingen]] (added on 28 February 1895)
*[[Hoogvliet]] (added on 1 May 1934)
*[[Pernis, Netherlands|Pernis]] (added on 1 May 1934)
*[[Hillegersberg]] (added on 1 August 1941)
*[[IJsselmonde, Rotterdam|IJsselmonde]] (added on 1 August 1941)
*[[Overschie]] (added on 1 August 1941)
*[[Schiebroek]] (added on 1 August 1941)
*[[Rozenburg]] (added on 18 March 2010)

===Origin background makeup===
In the Netherlands, Rotterdam has the highest percentage of residents with a recent [[migration background]] from non-industrialised nations. They form a large part of Rotterdam's multi-ethnic and multicultural diversity. 52.9% of the population have at least one parent born outside the country. There are 80,000 Muslims, constituting 13% of the population in 2010.<ref>{{Cite report |url=http://www.soros.org/initiatives/home/articles_publications/publications/muslims-rotterdam-20101119/a-muslims-rotterdam-report-en-20101119.pdf |title=Muslims in Rotterdam |last=Kim Jansen |publisher=[[Open Society Institute]] |access-date=29 December 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101216132930/http://www.soros.org/initiatives/home/articles_publications/publications/muslims-rotterdam-20101119/a-muslims-rotterdam-report-en-20101119.pdf |archive-date=16 December 2010 |year=2010 |url-status=dead}}</ref> The former mayor of Rotterdam, [[Ahmed Aboutaleb]] (2009-2024), is of Moroccan descent and is a practicing Muslim.<ref>DutchNews.nl. (2024, January 9). Rotterdam mayor Ahmed Aboutaleb to step down after 15 years. DutchNews.nl. Retrieved October 17, 2024, from https://www.dutchnews.nl/2024/01/rotterdam-mayor-ahmed-aboutaleb-to-step-down-after-15-years/
</ref><ref>DutchNews.nl. (2024, August 26). Aboutaleb bows out as mayor: “This city made me a Rotterdammer”. DutchNews.nl. Retrieved October 17, 2024, from https://www.dutchnews.nl/2024/08/aboutaleb-bows-out-as-mayor-this-city-made-me-a-rotterdammer/
</ref> The city is home to the largest Dutch Antillean community in the Netherlands.<ref>Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek. (2023). Bevolking; geslacht, leeftijd en nationaliteit, 1 januari. CBS StatLine. Retrieved October 17, 2024, from https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/03743/table?ts=1633027200000
</ref> The city also has its own [[Chinatown|China Town]] at the West-Kruiskade, close to Rotterdam Centraal.<ref> Chinatownology. (n.d.). Rotterdam Chinatown. Retrieved October 17, 2024, from https://chinatownology.com/chinatown_rotterdam.html
</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+Origin
! rowspan="2" |Background groups
! colspan="2" |1996<ref name="CBS Statline">{{Cite web |title=CBS Statline |url=https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/37713/table |access-date=15 May 2023 |website=opendata.cbs.nl |language=nl |archive-date=3 August 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170803035505/https://opendata.cbs.nl/statline/#/CBS/nl/dataset/37713/table |url-status=live }}</ref>
! colspan="2" |2000<ref name="CBS Statline" />
! colspan="2" |2005<ref name="CBS Statline" />
! colspan="2" |2010<ref name="CBS Statline" />
! colspan="2" |2015<ref name="CBS Statline" />
! colspan="2" |2020<ref name="CBS Statline" />
|-
!Numbers
!%
!Numbers
!%
!Numbers
!%
!Numbers
!%
!Numbers
!%
!Numbers
!%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Both parents born in NL
!381 926
!64.4%
!355 631
!60%
!327 730
!55%
!310 190
!52.3%
!316 085
!50.7%
!310,526
!47.69%
|-
!Western migration background
!55 722
!9.4%
!56 399
!9.5%
!59 267
!9.9%
!63 833
!10.8%
!74 438
!11.9%
!87,132
!13.38%
|-
!Non-Western migration background
!155 097
!26.2%
!180 643
!30.5%
!209 410
!35.1%
!219 026
!36.9%
!233 129
!37.4%
!253,499
!38.93%
|-
|''[[Suriname]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|52,691
|8.09%
|-
|''[[Turkey]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|47,933
|7.36%
|-
|''[[Morocco]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|45,601
|7%
|-
|''[[Netherlands Antilles]] and [[Aruba]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|26,390
|4.05%
|-
|''[[Indonesia]]''
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|11,677
|1.79%
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!Total
!592 745
!100%
!592 673
!100%
!596 407
!100%
!593 049
!100%
!623 652
!100%
!651,157
!100%
|}

===Religion===
{{Pie chart
|thumb = right
|caption = Religions in Rotterdam (2013)<ref>{{cite web |title=Kerkelijkheid en kerkbezoek, 2010/2013 |date=2 October 2014 |url=https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/maatwerk/2014/40/kerkelijkheid-en-kerkbezoek-2010-2013 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621105812/https://www.cbs.nl/nl-nl/maatwerk/2014/40/kerkelijkheid-en-kerkbezoek-2010-2013 |archive-date=21 June 2019 |access-date=9 March 2017 |publisher=Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek}}</ref>
|label1 = [[Irreligion]]
|value1 = 46.7
|color1 = Gold
|label2 = [[Catholic Church]]
|value2 = 18.7
|color2 = DarkOrchid
|label3 = [[Islam in the Netherlands|Islam]]
|value3 = 13.1
|color3 = Green
|label4 = [[Protestant Church in the Netherlands]]
|value4 = 10.5
|color4 = DodgerBlue
|label5 = Other Christian denominations 
|value5 = 7.1
|color5 = Turquoise
|label6 = [[Hinduism]]
|value6 = 3.3
|color6 = Orange
|label7 = [[Buddhism]]
|value7 = 0.5
|color7 = Red
|label8 = [[Judaism]]
|value8 = 0.1
|color8 = Brown
}}
[[Christianity]] is the largest religion in Rotterdam, with 36.3% of the population identifying. The second and third largest religions are [[Islam]] (13.1%) and [[Hinduism]] (3.3%), while about half of the population has [[Irreligion|no religious affiliation]].

Since 1795 Rotterdam has hosted the chief congregation of the liberal Protestant brotherhood of [[Remonstrants]]. From 1955 it has been the seat of the [[Catholic Church|Catholic]] [[bishop of Rotterdam]] when the Rotterdam diocese was split from the [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Haarlem-Amsterdam|Haarlem diocese]]. Since 2010 the city is home to the largest mosque in the Netherlands, the {{ill|Essalam Mosque|nl|Essalammoskee}} (capacity 1,500).