Editing Rosetta (spacecraft) (section)

=== Design and construction ===
The ''Rosetta'' [[satellite bus|bus]] was a {{convert|2.8|xx|2.1|xx|2.0|m|ft|abbr=on}} central frame and aluminium honeycomb platform. Its total mass was approximately {{convert|3000|kg|sigfig=2|abbr=on}}, which included the {{convert|100|kg|sigfig=2|adj=on|abbr=on}} ''Philae'' lander and {{convert|165|kg|abbr=on}} of science instruments.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sci.esa.int/rosetta/47366-fact-sheet/ |title=Rosetta: Fact Sheet |publisher=European Space Agency |access-date=19 July 2016}}</ref> The Payload Support Module was mounted on top of the spacecraft and housed the scientific instruments, while the Bus Support Module was on the bottom and contained spacecraft support subsystems. Heaters placed around the spacecraft kept its systems warm while it was distant from the Sun. ''Rosetta''{{'s}} communications suite included a {{convert|2.2|m|ft|adj=on|abbr=on}} steerable high-gain parabolic dish antenna, a {{convert|0.8|m|ft|adj=on|abbr=on}} fixed-position medium-gain antenna, and two omnidirectional low-gain antennas.<ref name="nssdc-craft">{{cite web|url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2004-006A |title=Rosetta |work=[[National Space Science Data Center]] |publisher=NASA |access-date=3 November 2014}}</ref>

Electrical power for the spacecraft came from two solar arrays totalling {{convert|64|m2}}.<ref name="ESA-RO">{{cite web|url=http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Rosetta/The_Rosetta_orbiter |title=The Rosetta orbiter |publisher=European Space Agency |date=16 January 2014 |access-date=13 August 2014}}</ref> Each solar array was subdivided into five solar panels, with each panel being {{convert|2.25|xx|2.736|m|ft|2|abbr=on}}. The individual solar cells were made of silicon, 200 μm thick, and {{convert|61.95|xx|37.75|mm|2|abbr=on}}.<ref name="DAccolti2002">{{cite conference|title=The Solar Array Photovoltaic Assembly for the ROSETTA Orbiter and Lander Spacecraft's |conference=6th European Space Power Conference. 6–10 May 2002. Porto, Portugal. |first1=G. |last1=D'Accolti |first2=G. |last2=Beltrame |first3=E. |last3=Ferrando |first4=L. |last4=Brambilla |first5=R. |last5=Contini |first6=L. |last6=Vallini |first7=R. |last7=Mugnuolo |first8=C. |last8=Signorini |first9=H. |last9=Fiebrich |first10=A. |last10=Caon |display-authors=5 |year=2002 |bibcode=2002ESASP.502..445D}}</ref> The solar arrays generated a maximum of approximately 1,500 watts at [[perihelion]],<ref name="DAccolti2002"/> a minimum of 400 watts in hibernation mode at 5.2 AU, and 850 watts when comet operations begin at 3.4 AU.<ref name="nssdc-craft"/> Spacecraft power was controlled by a redundant [[Terma A/S|Terma]] power module also used in the ''[[Mars Express]]'' spacecraft,<ref name="Ingenioren20140119">{{cite news |url=http://ing.dk/artikel/terma-elektronik-vaekker-rumsonde-fra-aarelang-dvale-165600 |title=Terma-elektronik vækker rumsonde fra årelang dvale |work=[[Ingeniøren]] |first=Mie |last=Stage |date=19 January 2014 |access-date=2 December 2014}}</ref><ref name="Jensen2002">{{cite conference |title=Power Conditioning Unit for Rosetta/Mars Express |conference=6th European Space Power Conference. 6–10 May 2002. Porto, Portugal. |first1=Hans |last1=Jensen |first2=Johnny |last2=Laursen |year=2002 |bibcode=2002ESASP.502..249J}}</ref> and was stored in four 10-[[ampere hour|A·h]] [Li-ion] batteries supplying 28 volts to the bus.<ref name="nssdc-craft"/>

Main propulsion comprised 24 paired bipropellant 10&nbsp;[[Newton (unit)|N]] thrusters,<ref name="ESA-RO" /> with four pairs of thrusters being used for [[delta-v|delta-''v'']] burns. The spacecraft carried {{convert|1719.1|kg|abbr=on}} of propellant at launch: {{convert|659.6|kg|lb|abbr=on}} of [[monomethylhydrazine]] fuel and {{convert|1059.5|kg|abbr=on}} of [[dinitrogen tetroxide]] oxidiser, contained in two {{convert|1108|L|adj=on}} [[Ti6Al4V|grade 5 titanium alloy]] tanks and providing delta-''v'' of at least {{convert|2300|m/s}} over the course of the mission. Propellant pressurisation was provided by two {{convert|68|L|adj=on}} high-pressure helium tanks.<ref name="Stram2004">{{cite conference|title=The Rosetta Propulsion System |conference=4th International Spacecraft Propulsion Conference. 2–9 June 2004. Sardinia, Italy. |first=D. |last=Stramaccioni |year=2004 |bibcode=2004ESASP.555E...3S}}</ref>

''Rosetta'' was built in a [[cleanroom|clean room]] according to [[COSPAR]] rules, but "[[Sterilization (microbiology)|sterilisation]] {{interp|was}} generally not crucial since comets are usually regarded as objects where you can find [[Abiogenesis|prebiotic]] [[molecule]]s, that is, molecules that are precursors of life, but not living [[microorganism]]s", according to Gerhard Schwehm, ''Rosetta''{{'s}} project scientist.<ref name="esa20020730">{{cite news |url=http://sci.esa.int/home/30313-no-bugs-please-this-is-a-clean-planet/ |title=No bugs please, this is a clean planet! |publisher=European Space Agency |date=30 July 2002 |access-date=7 March 2007}}</ref> The total cost of the mission was about €1.3&nbsp;billion (US$1.8&nbsp;billion).<ref name="nature20140717">{{cite news |url=http://www.nature.com/news/duck-shaped-comet-could-make-rosetta-landing-more-difficult-1.15579 |title=Duck-shaped comet could make Rosetta landing more difficult |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |first=Elizabeth |last=Gibney |date=17 July 2014 |access-date=15 November 2014 |doi=10.1038/nature.2014.15579}}</ref>