Editing Roman numerals (section)

====Non-standard variants====

[[File:Padlock,_Athlone.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|Padlock used on the north [[City gate|gate]] of the Irish town of [[Athlone]]. "1613" in the date is rendered {{rn|XVIXIII}}, (literally "16, 13") instead of {{rn|MDCXIII}}.]]
[[File:Excerpt from BnF ms. 1433 fr., fol. 24r.png|thumb|upright=1.1|Excerpt from [[Bibliothèque nationale de France]].<ref>{{Cite book |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b105096493 |via=Gallica |title=L' Atre périlleux et Yvain, le chevalier au lion . |date=1301–1350 |language=EN}}</ref> The Roman numeral for 500 is rendered as {{Rn|{{Overset|C|V}}}}, instead of {{Rn|D}}.]]
There are also historical examples of other additive and multiplicative forms, and forms which seem to reflect spoken phrases. Some of these variants may have been regarded as errors even by contemporaries.

* {{rn|IIXX}} was how people associated with the [[Legio XXII Deiotariana|XXII Roman Legion]] used to write their number. The practice may have been due to a common way to say "twenty-second" in Latin, namely {{lang|la|duo et vice(n)sima}} (literally "two and twentieth") rather than the "regular" {{lang|la|vice(n)sima secunda}} (twenty second).<ref name="malo2005">{{Cite thesis |last=Malone |first=Stephen James |title=Legio XX Valeria Victrix: A Prosographical and Historical Study |date=Aug 2005 |publisher=University of Nottingham |url=http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13316/2/423645_vol2.pdf |volume=2}} <br />On page 396 it discusses many coins with "Leg. IIXX" and notes that it must be Legion 22. <br />The footnote on that page says: "The form IIXX clearly reflecting the Latin {{lang|la|duo et vicensima}} 'twenty-second': cf. X5398, {{lang|la|legatus I[eg II] I et vicensim(ae) Pri[mi]g}}; VI 1551, {{lang|la|legatus leg] IIXX Prj}}; III 14207.7, {{lang|la|miles leg IIXX}}; and III 10471-3, a vexillation drawn from four German legions including 'XVIII PR' – surely here the stonecutter's hypercorrection for IIXX PR.</ref> Apparently, at least one ancient [[stonecutter]] mistakenly thought that the {{rn|IIXX}} of "22nd Legion" stood for 18, and "corrected" it to {{rn|XVIII}}.<ref name=malo2005/>

* Other numerals that do not fit the usual patterns – such as {{rn|VXL}} for 45, instead of the usual {{rn|XLV}} — may be due to scribal errors, or the writer's lack of familiarity with the system, rather than being genuine variant usage.