Editing Roman Jakobson (section)

===The communication functions===
{{main|Jakobson's functions of language}}
Influenced by the [[Organon-Model]] by [[Karl Bühler]], Jakobson distinguishes six communication functions, each associated with a dimension or factor of the communication process [n.b. – Elements from Bühler's theory appear in the diagram below in yellow and pink, Jakobson's elaborations in blue]:
*Functions
#referential (: contextual information)
#aesthetic/poetic (: auto-reflection)
#emotive (: self-expression)
#conative (: vocative or imperative addressing of receiver)
#phatic (: checking channel working)
#metalingual (: checking code working)<ref name="Middleton"/>

[[Image:Roma jakobson theory.png|center|<ref name="Middleton">Middleton, Richard (1990/2002). ''Studying Popular Music'', p.241. Philadelphia: Open University Press. {{ISBN|0-335-15275-9}}.</ref>]]

One of the six functions is always the dominant function in a text and usually related to the type of text. In poetry, the dominant function is the poetic function: the focus is on the message itself. The true hallmark of poetry is according to Jakobson "the projection of the principle of equivalence from the axis of selection to the axis of combination". Very broadly speaking, it implies that poetry successfully combines and integrates form and function, that poetry turns the poetry of grammar into the grammar of poetry, so to speak. Jakobson's theory of communicative functions was first published in "Closing Statements: Linguistics and Poetics" (in [[Thomas A. Sebeok]], ''Style in Language'', Cambridge Massachusetts, MIT Press, 1960, pp.&nbsp;350–377). Despite its wide adoption, the six-functions model has been criticized for lacking specific interest in the "play function" of language that, according to an early review by Georges Mounin, is "not enough studied in general by linguistics researchers".<ref>Mounin, Georges (1972) La linguistique du XX siècle. Presses Universitaires de France</ref>