Editing Rimini (section)

== Geography ==
=== Location ===
Rimini is situated at 44°03′00″ [[latitude|north]] and 12°34′00″ [[longitude|east]], along the coast of the [[Adriatic Sea]], at the southeastern edge of [[Emilia-Romagna]], at a short distance from [[Montefeltro]] and [[Marche]]. Rimini extends for 135.71 square km and borders the municipalities of [[Bellaria-Igea Marina]], [[San Mauro Pascoli]], and [[Santarcangelo di Romagna]] towards NW, [[Verucchio]] and [[Serravalle, San Marino]] towards SW, [[Coriano]] towards S, and [[Riccione]] towards SE.

Rimini is the main centre of a {{convert|50|km|0|abbr=off|adj=on}} coastal [[conurbation]], which extends from [[Cervia]] to [[Gabicce Mare]], including the [[seaside resort]]s of [[Cesenatico]], [[Gatteo|Gatteo a Mare]], [[Bellaria-Igea Marina]], [[Riccione]], [[Misano Adriatico]] and [[Cattolica]].<ref>Giorgio Conti and Pier Giorgio Pasini, ''Rimini Città come Storia 2'', Rimini, Giusti, 2000, p. 283.</ref> The conurbation is a result of urban sprawl as the tourist economy developed along the {{Lang|it|riviera romagnola}}.

=== Natural features ===
Rimini's natural geography provides a strategically-important passage along the [[Adriatic Sea]] at the boundary between [[northern Italy]], characterised by the plains of the [[Po Valley]], and [[central Italy]], characterised by more mountainous terrain. For its geographical position and its climatic features, Rimini is situated on the edge between the Mediterranean and the central European [[microclimate]]s,<ref>''Emilia-Romagna'', Milano, Touring Club Italiano, 1999, p. 27</ref><ref>Pietro Zangheri, ''Repertorio sistematico e topografico della flora e fauna vivente e fossile della Romagna'', Tomo V, Museo civico di Storia Naturale di Verona, Verona, 1966–1970, p. 2052.</ref> providing an environment of notable naturalistic value.

==== Beach ====
[[File:Rimini banner.jpg|thumb|upright=2.5|Panoramic view of Rimini Beach]]Rimini's coastal strip, made of recent marine deposits, is edged by a fine sandy beach, {{convert|15|km|mi|abbr=off|adj=off}} long and up to {{convert|200|m|ft|abbr=off|adj=off}} wide, interrupted only by river mouths and gently shelving towards the sea. Along the coastline, there is a low sandy cliff, created by the rising sea in around 4000 BC, partly conserved north of Rimini, between Rivabella and [[Bellaria-Igea Marina]], approximately {{convert|1.3|km|mi|abbr=off|adj=off}} from the coast.<ref>''PSC Comune di Rimini, Quadro Conoscitivo, Sistema Ambientale. Geologia'', p. 15.</ref>

Rimini's ancient coastline was situated much farther inland: it gradually shifted outward over centuries, with new land developed throughout the 20th century.<ref name="coastevolution">{{cite book |last1=Gambolati |first1=G. |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/300046774 |title=CENAS: Coastline Evolution of the Upper Adriatic Sea due to Sea Level Rise and Natural and Anthropogenic Land Subsidence |last2=Giunta |first2=G. |last3=Putti |first3=M. |last4=Teatini |first4=P. |last5=Tomasi |first5=L. |last6=Betti |first6=I. |last7=Morelli |first7=M. |last8=Berlamont |first8=J. |last9=De Backer |first9=K. |date=1998 |isbn=978-94-011-5147-4 |series=Water Science and Technology Library |volume=28 |pages=1–34 |chapter=Coastal Evolution of the Upper Adriatic Sea due to Sea Level Rise and Natural and Anthropic Land Subsidence |doi=10.1007/978-94-011-5147-4_1 |issn=0921-092X |last10=Decouttere |first10=C. |last11=Monbaliu |first11=J. |last12=Yu |first12=C.S. |last13=Brøker |first13=I. |last14=Christensen |first14=E.D. |last15=Elfrink |first15=B. |last16=Dante |first16=A. |last17=Gonella |first17=M.}}</ref>

==== Rivers and streams ====
[[File:PONTE di TIBERIO vista aerea.JPG|thumb|An aerial view of [[Ponte di Tiberio (Rimini)|Ponte di Tiberio]], at the end of Rimini's canal port, showing the XXV April Park in the background along which the [[Marecchia]] used to flow, in September 2015]]
Rimini's city centre was founded between two rivers: the [[Marecchia]] and the [[Ausa (river)|Ausa]]. Until the 1960s, the Ausa flowed south of Rimini's city centre, running between the present-day Rimini Sud junction of the [[Autostrada A14 (Italy)|A14 tolled highway]] and the [[Arch of Augustus (Rimini)|Arch of Augustus]], where it turned north-east along the old city walls to empty at Piazzale Kennedy. From the 1960s, the Ausa was diverted to flow parallel to the {{Interlanguage link|SS16|it|Strada statale 16 Adriatica}} state road along cemented banks, and empty into the Marecchia.<ref name="Rimini-2022">{{cite web |title=Parco Ausa |trans-title=Ausa Park |url=https://www.ecomuseorimini.it/parco-ausa/ |access-date=14 March 2022 |publisher=Ecomuseo Rimini |language=it-IT}}</ref> The diversion was completed in 1972, with the Ausa's former route reduced to a sewage outlet,<ref>{{Cite web |last= |first= |date=7 August 2023 |title=7 agosto 1763 - La burrasca spazza via tutte le barche nel porto di Rimini |trans-title=7 August 1763 – The storm sweeps away all the boats in the port of Rimini |url=https://www.chiamamicitta.it/7-agosto-1763-bufera-distrugge-tutte-le-barche-nel-porto-rimini/ |access-date=3 January 2024 |website=Chiamami Città |language=it-IT}}</ref> and redeveloped into a series of public parks.<ref name="Rimini-2022" />

The Marecchia itself, which flows north of Rimini, was also deviated to empty into the Adriatic Sea further north, between San Giuliano Mare and Rivabella. The deviation was prompted because the river was subjected to periodic, destructive floods near its mouth, where the riverbed became narrow after various bends. The ancient riverbed is still used as Rimini's harbour.<ref>''L'Emilia-Romagna paese per paese'', Firenze, Bonechi, 1984, p. 250.</ref>

Rimini's southern boundary with the municipality of Riccione is marked by the Rio dell'Asse, a minor stream.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Masini |first=Manlio |date=2 November 2022 |title=La contesa tra Rimini e Riccione sui confini e il ponte sul Marano |trans-title=The dispute between Rimini and Riccione over their borders and the bridge over the Marano |url=https://www.corriereromagna.it/la-contesa-tra-rimini-e-riccione-sui-confini-e-il-ponte-sul-marano/ |access-date=30 June 2023 |website=[[Corriere Romagna]] |language=it-IT}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Referendum popolari 2003 |trans-title=Popular referenda 2003 |url=https://www.comune.rimini.it/documenti/referendum-popolari-2003 |access-date=30 June 2023 |publisher=Comune di Rimini |language=it}}</ref>

==== Hills ====
[[File:Veduta di San Marino da Montecieco (RN).JPG|thumb|right|View of [[Monte Titano]], [[San Marino]], from Monte Cieco, on the road between Rimini and Santa Cristina]]

To its southwest, Rimini is surrounded by several rolling hills: Covignano ({{convert|153|m|ft|abbr=off|adj=off}} altitude), Vergiano ({{convert|81|m|ft|abbr=off|adj=off}} altitude), San Martino Monte l'Abbate ({{convert|57|m|ft|abbr=off|adj=off}} altitude) and San Lorenzo in Correggiano ({{convert|60|m|ft|abbr=off|adj=off}} altitude). The hills are widely cultivated, with vineyards, olive groves and orchards, and historic villas.

=== Districts ===
[[File:Map Tourist settlements 1992 - Rimini - Touring Club Italiano CART-TEM-108 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Changes of Rimini tourists zone in the XX century]]
==== City centre and boroughs ====
Rimini's city centre, bounded by the [[House of Malatesta|Malatesta]] [[Defensive wall|city walls]], was divided in the medieval era into four [[Rione|''rioni'']]. Clodio, in the city's north, was popular and a peculiar urban structure tied with the Marecchia. Pomposo, in the city's east, was the largest district, and included large [[orchard]]s and [[convent]]s. Cittadella, in the city's west, was the most important district, including the municipal palaces, [[Castel Sismondo]], and the Cathedral of Santa Colomba. Montecavallo, in the city's south, is characterised today by bowed, irregular streets of medieval origins, by the Fossa Patara creek and a small hill called Montirone.<ref name="Pier Giorgio Pasini 1982, p. 215">Giorgio Conti and Pier Giorgio Pasini, ''Rimini Città come Storia'', Rimini, Giusti, 1982, p. 215.</ref> The boundaries of these ''rioni'' are not known, but it is assumed that they followed the current Corso d'Augusto, Via Garibaldi, and Via Gambalunga.[[File:Rimini Borgo San Giuliano 1.jpg|thumb|A street in Borgo San Giuliano, April 2022]]
Outside Rimini's city centre were four ancient boroughs: San Giuliano, San Giovanni, San Andrea, and Marina. These were entirely incorporated to the city by the urban sprawl in the early 20th century:<ref name="Pier Giorgio Pasini 1982, p. 251">Giorgio Conti and Pier Giorgio Pasini, ''Rimini Città come Storia'', Rimini, Giusti, 1982, p. 251.</ref>

* Borgo San Giuliano, along [[Via Emilia]], dates to the 11th century and was originally a fishermen's settlement. Dominated by the Church of San Giuliano, it is one of the most picturesque spots of the city, with narrow streets and squares, colourful small houses and many frescoes representing characters and places of [[Federico Fellini]]'s films.
* Borgo San Giovanni, on both sides of [[Via Flaminia]], was populated by artisans and the middle class.
* Borgo Sant'Andrea, located outside of [[Porta Montanara, Rimini|Porta Montanara]] on the city's southwestern gate, was tied with [[agriculture]] and commerce of [[cows]].
* Borgo Marina, on the right bank of the Marecchia, was heavily transformed by Fascist demolitions and [[World War II]] bombings, which hit this area due to its proximity to the bridges and railway station of the city.

San Giovanni and Sant'Andrea were developed in the 15th century; they burned in a fire in 1469 and were rebuilt in the 19th century,<ref name="Pier Giorgio Pasini 1982, p. 251" /> relocating small industries and manufactures, including a [[brick]] factory and a phosphorus [[match]]es factory.

==== Municipality ====
Rimini's municipality includes the coastal districts of {{Interlanguage link|Torre Pedrera|it}}, Viserbella, Viserba, Rivabella, and San Giuliano Mare to the city centre's north. To the city centre's south are the coastal districts of Bellariva, Marebello, Rivazzurra, and [[Miramare di Rimini|Miramare]]. These coastal districts are characterised by their tourist economy, with hotels and entertainment venues.

Along the Via Emilia, to Rimini's northwest, is the suburb of Celle and Santa Giustina, just before the border with Santarcangelo di Romagna. North of Santa Giustina are the villages of Orsoleto and [[San Vito, Emilia-Romagna|San Vito]]. Along the Via Marecchiese, to Rimini's east, are the suburbs of Marecchiese, Villaggio Azzurro, Padulli, and Spadarolo, and the rural village of Corpolò. On the road to San Marino is the village of Grotta Rossa. On the road to Ospedaletto is the suburb of Villaggio 1° Maggio and the rural village of Gaiofana. Along the Via Flaminia, to Rimini's southeast, are the suburbs of Colonnella and Lagomaggio.

=== Climate ===
Rimini has a [[humid subtropical climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]]: ''Cfa'')<ref>{{cite web |url =http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf| title= Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification|page = 1641}}</ref> moderated by the influence of the [[Adriatic Sea]], featuring autumn and winter mean temperatures and annual low temperatures among the very highest in [[Emilia-Romagna]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://it.scribd.com/doc/37098200/Atlante-idroclimatico-dell-Emilia-Romagna-1961-2008| title=Atlante idroclimatico dell'Emilia-Romagna 1961-2008|type = [[Portable Document Format|PDF]] |language=it|pages = 22, 25, 28}}</ref>

Precipitations are equally distributed during the year, with a peak in October and minimums in January and July.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://clima.meteoam.it/AtlanteClimatico/pdf/%28149%29Rimini%20Miramare.pdf| title=Atlante climatico del Servizio Meteorologico dell'Aeronautica Militare. Stazione meteorologica di Rimini Miramare|type = [[Portable Document Format|PDF]] |language=it|page = 1|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150122112705/http://clima.meteoam.it/AtlanteClimatico/pdf/(149)Rimini%20Miramare.pdf|archive-date = 2015-01-22}}</ref> In spring, autumn, and winter, precipitations mainly come from oceanic fronts, while in summer, they are brought by [[thunderstorm]]s, coming from the [[Apennines]] or the [[Po Valley]].

Humidity is high all year round, averaging a minimum of approximately 72% in June and July and a maximum of approximately 84% in November and December. Prevailing winds blow from west, south, east, and northwest.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://clima.meteoam.it/AtlanteClimatico/pdf/%28149%29Rimini%20Miramare.pdf| title=Atlante climatico del Servizio Meteorologico dell'Aeronautica Militare. Stazione meteorologica di Rimini Miramare|type = [[Portable Document Format|PDF]] |language=it |pages = 9–12 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150122112705/http://clima.meteoam.it/AtlanteClimatico/pdf/(149)Rimini%20Miramare.pdf|archive-date = 2015-01-22}}</ref> Southwesterly winds, known as [[libeccio]] or garbino, are [[foehn winds]], which may bring warm temperatures in each season. On average, there are over 2,040 [[sunshine]] hours per year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://clisun.casaccia.enea.it/Profili/tabelle/300%20%5BRimini%5D%20capoluogo.Txt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110401014555/http://clisun.casaccia.enea.it/Profili/tabelle/300%20[Rimini]%20capoluogo.Txt |archive-date=1 April 2011 | title=Enea. Profilo climatico della stazione meteorologica di Rimini|language=it |pages = 9–12 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{Weather box|location = Rimini-Miramare, elevation: {{convert|12|m|abbr=on|disp=or}}, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1946–present
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan record high C = 20.4
|Feb record high C = 22.3
|Mar record high C = 26.6
|Apr record high C = 30.0
|May record high C = 33.4
|Jun record high C = 37.3
|Jul record high C = 37.6
|Aug record high C = 39.5
|Sep record high C = 35.2
|Oct record high C = 30.4
|Nov record high C = 26.0
|Dec record high C = 22.7
|year record high C = 39.5
|Jan high C = 8.4
|Feb high C = 10.0
|Mar high C = 13.6
|Apr high C = 17.3
|May high C = 22.3
|Jun high C = 26.7
|Jul high C = 29.1
|Aug high C = 29.1
|Sep high C = 24.7
|Oct high C = 19.7
|Nov high C = 14.0
|Dec high C = 9.3
|year high C = 18.7
|Jan mean C = 4.5
|Feb mean C = 5.6
|Mar mean C = 9.2
|Apr mean C = 12.8
|May mean C = 17.6
|Jun mean C = 22.2
|Jul mean C = 24.7
|Aug mean C = 24.5
|Sep mean C = 20.0
|Oct mean C = 15.5
|Nov mean C = 10.4
|Dec mean C = 5.5
|year mean C = 14.4
|Jan low C = 0.9
|Feb low C = 1.2
|Mar low C = 4.3
|Apr low C = 7.7
|May low C = 12.2
|Jun low C = 16.5
|Jul low C = 19.0
|Aug low C = 19.1
|Sep low C = 15.1
|Oct low C = 11.2
|Nov low C = 6.7
|Dec low C = 1.9
|year low C = 9.6
|Jan record low C = -17.2
|Feb record low C = -14.2
|Mar record low C = -7.7
|Apr record low C = -2.2
|May record low C = 1.2
|Jun record low C = 5.8
|Jul record low C = 9.4
|Aug record low C = 9.6
|Sep record low C = 5.8
|Oct record low C = 1.2
|Nov record low C = -5.0
|Dec record low C = -12.8
|year record low C = -17.2
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation mm = 41.0
|Feb precipitation mm = 46.0
|Mar precipitation mm = 49.5
|Apr precipitation mm = 54.3
|May precipitation mm = 50.9
|Jun precipitation mm = 54.8
|Jul precipitation mm = 49.9
|Aug precipitation mm = 48.1
|Sep precipitation mm = 73.8
|Oct precipitation mm = 78.0
|Nov precipitation mm = 67.8
|Dec precipitation mm = 52.9
|year precipitation mm = 667.0
|unit precipitation days = 1.0&nbsp;mm
|Jan precipitation days = 5.4
|Feb precipitation days = 5.7
|Mar precipitation days = 6.6
|Apr precipitation days = 7.1
|May precipitation days = 6.5
|Jun precipitation days = 4.8
|Jul precipitation days = 4.1
|Aug precipitation days = 4.3
|Sep precipitation days = 7.2
|Oct precipitation days = 7.8
|Nov precipitation days = 7.6
|Dec precipitation days = 6.9
|year precipitation days = 73.9
|humidity colour = green
|Jan humidity = 82.8
|Feb humidity = 78.6
|Mar humidity = 77.1
|Apr humidity = 77.3
|May humidity = 75.7
|Jun humidity = 73.5
|Jul humidity = 72.7
|Aug humidity = 74.5
|Sep humidity = 77.4
|Oct humidity = 81.8
|Nov humidity = 84.0
|Dec humidity = 83.4
|year humidity = 78.2
|Jan dew point C = 2.2
|Feb dew point C = 2.4
|Mar dew point C = 5.5
|Apr dew point C = 9.1
|May dew point C = 13.5
|Jun dew point C = 17.2
|Jul dew point C = 19.3
|Aug dew point C = 19.8
|Sep dew point C = 16.2
|Oct dew point C = 12.8
|Nov dew point C = 8.2
|Dec dew point C = 3.3
|year dew point C = 10.8
|Jan sun = 65.1
|Feb sun = 92.4
|Mar sun = 148.8
|Apr sun = 162.0
|May sun = 220.1
|Jun sun = 258.0
|Jul sun = 297.6
|Aug sun = 257.3
|Sep sun = 204.0
|Oct sun = 164.3
|Nov sun = 96.0
|Dec sun = 74.4
|year sun = 2040.0
|source 1 = NOAA<ref name= NOAA>{{cite web
|url = https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Italy/CSV/Rimini_16149.csv
|title = Rimini Climate Normals 1991-2020
|publisher = [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]]
|access-date = August 31, 2023
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230831225444/https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/archive/arc0216/0253808/1.1/data/0-data/Region-6-WMO-Normals-9120/Italy/CSV/Rimini_16149.csv
|archive-date = 2023-08-31}}</ref>
|source 2 = Temperature estreme in Toscana<ref>{{cite web
|url = http://climaintoscana.altervista.org/italia/stazioni-wmo/rimini-miramare/
|language = it
|title = Rimini Miramare
|publisher = Temperature estreme in Toscana
|access-date = August 31, 2023
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20230831225118/http://climaintoscana.altervista.org/italia/stazioni-wmo/rimini-miramare/
|archive-date = 2023-08-31}}</ref>
}}