Editing Republic of Ireland (section)

===Constitution of Ireland 1937===
[[File:IFS Constitution Committee Darrell F's book2.jpg|thumb|[[Constitution of the Irish Free State|The Constitution Committee meeting]] at the [[Shelbourne Hotel]], Dublin.]]

Following a national plebiscite in July 1937, the new [[Constitution of Ireland]] (''Bunreacht na hÉireann'') [[adoption of the Constitution of Ireland|came into force]] on 29 December 1937.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en/html | publisher = Irish Statute Book | title = Constitution of Ireland, 1 July, 1937 | access-date = 6 September 2018 | archive-date = 3 May 2019 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20190503055502/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/cons/en/html | url-status = live }}</ref> This replaced the [[Constitution of the Irish Free State]] and declared that the name of the state is {{lang|ga|Éire}}, or "Ireland" in the English language.<ref>T. Garvin, ''1922: the birth of Irish democracy'', Gill & Macmillan: Dublin, 2005.<br />{{cite book |title=The Irish Civil War 1922–23 |first=Peter |last=Cottrell |page=85 |isbn=978-1-84603-270-7 |publisher=Osprey Publishing |year=2008 |quote=Irish voters approved a new constitution, ''Bunreacht na hÉireann'', in 1937 renaming the country Éire or simply Ireland.}}<br />{{cite web |title=Guide to Irish Law |first=Darius |last=Whelan |date=June 2005 |url=http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Ireland.htm |access-date=11 September 2009 |quote=This Constitution, which remains in force today, renamed the state ''Ireland'' (Article 4) and established four main institutions&nbsp;– the President, the Oireachtas (Parliament), the Government and the Courts. |archive-date=5 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090905133724/http://www.nyulawglobal.org/globalex/Ireland.htm |url-status=live }}<br />John T. Koch, Celtic culture: a historical encyclopedia, ABC-CLIO: Santa Barbara, 2006.</ref> While [[Articles 2 and 3 of the Constitution of Ireland|Articles 2 and 3]] of the Constitution defined the national territory to be the whole island, they also confined the state's jurisdiction to the area that had been the Irish Free State. The former Irish Free State government had abolished the Office of [[Governor-General of the Irish Free State|Governor-General]] in December 1936. Although the constitution established the office of [[President of Ireland]], the question over whether Ireland was a republic remained open. Diplomats were accredited to the king, but the president exercised all internal functions of a head of state.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Daly |first=Mary E. |author-link=Mary E. Daly |date=January 2007|title=The Irish Free State/Éire/Republic of Ireland/Ireland: "A Country by Any Other Name"?|journal=Journal of British Studies|volume=46|issue=1|pages=72–90|doi=10.1086/508399|jstor=10.1086/508399|quote=After the enactment of the 1936 External Relations Act and the 1937 Constitution, Ireland's only remaining link with the crown had been the accreditation of diplomats. The president of Ireland was the head of state. When opposition deputies asked de Valera whether Ireland was a republic—a favorite pastime in the mid-1940s—he tended to resort to dictionary definitions showing that Ireland had all the attributes of a republic.|doi-access=free |issn = 0021-9371 }}</ref> For instance, the President gave assent to new laws with his own authority, without reference to King [[George VI]] who was only an "organ", that was provided for by statute law.

[[Irish neutrality during World War II|Ireland remained neutral]] during World War II, a period it described as [[The Emergency (Ireland)|The Emergency]].<ref>{{cite book | title = The Emergency: Neutral Ireland 1939–45 |last=Girvin |first= Brian |publisher = Pan | date = 2007 | isbn = 9780330493291}}</ref> Ireland's [[Dominion]] status was terminated with the passage of [[The Republic of Ireland Act 1948]], which came into force on 18 April 1949 and declared that the state was a republic.<ref>{{cite ISB |name=The Republic of Ireland Act 1948 (Commencement) Order 1949 |year=1949 |number=27 |type=si |nothe=1|date=4 February 1949}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Whyte |first1=J. H. |author-link1=John Henry Whyte |editor1-last=Hill |editor1-first=J. R. |title=A New History of Ireland |volume=VII: Ireland, 1921–84 |date=2010 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0191615597 |page=277 (footnote 20) |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PfFXarIhGqEC&pg=PA277 |access-date=6 August 2019 |chapter=Economic crisis and political cold war, 1949-57 |quote=The Republic of Ireland Act, 1948...repealed the external relations act, and provided for the declaration of a republic, which came into force on 18 Apr. 1949, when Ireland left the commonwealth. |archive-date=15 November 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191115091428/https://books.google.com/books?id=PfFXarIhGqEC&pg=PA277 |url-status=live }}</ref> At the time, a declaration of a republic terminated Commonwealth membership. This rule was changed 10 days after Ireland declared itself a republic, with the [[London Declaration]] of 28 April 1949. Ireland did not reapply when the rules were altered to permit republics to join. Later, the [[Crown of Ireland Act 1542]] was repealed in Ireland by the [[Statute Law Revision (Pre-Union Irish Statutes) Act 1962]].<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1962/act/29/enacted/en/html | publisher = Irish Statute Book | title = Statute Law Revision (Pre-Union Irish Statutes) Act, 1962 | access-date = 6 September 2018 | archive-date = 5 September 2018 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180905111820/http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/eli/1962/act/29/enacted/en/html | url-status = live }}</ref>