Editing Raphael (section)

===Architecture===
[[File:PalazzoBranconioDellAquila.jpg|thumb|[[Palazzo Branconio dell'Aquila]], now destroyed]]
After Bramante's death in 1514, Raphael was named architect of the new [[St. Peter's Basilica|St Peter's]]. Most of his work there was altered or demolished after his death and the acceptance of Michelangelo's design, but a few drawings have survived. It appears his designs would have made the church a good deal gloomier than the final design, with massive piers all the way down the nave, "like an alley" according to a critical posthumous analysis by [[Antonio da Sangallo the Younger]]. It would perhaps have resembled the temple in the background of ''[[The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple]]''.<ref>Jones & Penny:215–18</ref>

He designed several other buildings, and for a short time was the most important architect in Rome, working for a small circle around the Papacy. Julius had made changes to the street plan of Rome, creating several new thoroughfares, and he wanted them filled with splendid palaces.<ref>Jones & Penny:210–11</ref>

An important building, the [[Palazzo Branconio dell'Aquila]] for Leo's Papal [[Chamberlain (office)|Chamberlain]] [[Giovanbattista Branconio dell'Aquila|Giovanni Battista Branconio]], was completely destroyed to make way for [[Bernini]]'s ''piazza'' for St. Peter's, but drawings of the façade and courtyard remain. The façade was an unusually richly decorated one for the period, including both painted panels on the top story (of three), and much sculpture on the middle one.<ref>Jones & Penny:221–22</ref>

The main designs for the Villa Farnesina were not by Raphael, but he did design, and decorate with mosaics, the [[Chigi Chapel]] for the same patron, [[Agostino Chigi]], the Papal Treasurer. Another building, for Pope Leo's doctor, the [[Palazzo Jacopo da Brescia]], was moved in the 1930s but survives; this was designed to complement a palace on the same street by Bramante, where Raphael himself lived for a time.<ref>Jones & Penny:219–20</ref>

[[File:ChigiLorenzetto.jpg|left|thumb|View of the [[Chigi Chapel]]]]

The [[Villa Madama]], a lavish hillside retreat for Cardinal Giulio de' Medici, later [[Pope Clement VII]], was never finished, and his full plans have to be reconstructed speculatively. He produced a design from which the final construction plans were completed by [[Antonio da Sangallo the Younger]]. Even incomplete, it was the most sophisticated villa design yet seen in Italy, and greatly influenced the later development of the genre; it appears to be the only modern building in Rome of which [[Palladio]] made a measured drawing.<ref>Jones and Penny:226–34; Raphael left a long letter describing his intentions to the Cardinal, reprinted in full on pp. 247–48</ref>

Only some floor-plans remain for a large palace planned for himself on the new [[via Giulia]] in the [[Regola (rione of Rome)|rione of Regola]], for which he was accumulating the land in his last years. It was on an irregular island block near the river Tiber. It seems all façades were to have a [[giant order]] of [[pilaster]]s rising at least two storeys to the full height of the [[piano nobile]], "a grandiloquent feature unprecedented in private palace design".<ref>Jones & Penny:224–26 (quotation)</ref>

Raphael asked [[Marco Fabio Calvo]] to translate [[Vitruvius]]'s ''[[I quattro libri dell'architettura|Four Books of Architecture]]'' into Italian; this he received around the end of August 1514. It is preserved at the Library in Munich with handwritten margin notes by Raphael.{{sfn|Salmi et al.|1969|pp=572–73, 588}}