Editing Radiography (section)

===Fluoroscopy===

[[Fluoroscopy]] is a term invented by [[Thomas Edison]] during his early X-ray studies.  The name refers to the fluorescence he saw while looking at a glowing plate bombarded with X-rays.<ref>{{cite book |last=Carroll |first=Quinn B | name-list-style = vanc |title=Radiography in the Digital Age|date=2014 |publisher=Charles C Thomas |location=Springfield|isbn=9780398080976 |page=9|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=foW6CAAAQBAJ&pg=PA9|language=en}}</ref>

The technique provides moving projection radiographs. Fluoroscopy is mainly performed to view movement (of tissue or a contrast agent), or to guide a medical intervention, such as angioplasty, pacemaker insertion, or joint repair/replacement. The last can often be carried out in the operating theatre, using a portable fluoroscopy machine called a C-arm.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Seeram|first1=Euclid|last2=Brennan|first2=Patrick C | name-list-style = vanc |title=Radiation Protection in Diagnostic X-Ray Imaging|date=2016|publisher=Jones & Bartlett|isbn=9781284117714|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4-DOCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT408|language=en}}</ref>  It can move around the surgery table and make digital images for the surgeon. Biplanar Fluoroscopy works the same as single plane fluoroscopy except displaying two planes at the same time. The ability to work in two planes is important for orthopedic and spinal surgery and can reduce operating times by eliminating re-positioning.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Schueler BA | title = The AAPM/RSNA physics tutorial for residents: general overview of fluoroscopic imaging | journal = Radiographics | volume = 20 | issue = 4 | pages = 1115–26 | date = July 2000 | pmid = 10903700 | doi = 10.1148/radiographics.20.4.g00jl301115 }}</ref>

[[File:Cerebral angiography, arteria vertebralis sinister injection.JPG|thumb|upright|Angiogram showing a [[Transverse plane|transverse projection]] of the [[vertebral artery|vertebro]] [[basilar artery|basilar]] and [[posterior cerebral]] circulation]]

[[Angiography]] is the use of fluoroscopy to view the cardiovascular system. An iodine-based contrast is injected into the bloodstream and watched as it travels around.  Since liquid blood and the vessels are not very dense, a contrast with high density (like the large iodine atoms) is used to view the vessels under X-ray. Angiography is used to find [[aneurysm]]s, leaks, blockages ([[thrombosis|thromboses]]), new vessel growth, and placement of catheters and stents. [[Angioplasty|Balloon angioplasty]] is often done with angiography.