Editing Racial discrimination (section)

=== Israel ===
{{Main|Israeli apartheid|}}
Palestinian citizens of Israel, who constitute approximately 20% of the population, face disparities in land ownership, political representation, education, and employment.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Shakir |first=Omar |date=2021-04-27 |title=A Threshold Crossed |url=https://www.hrw.org/report/2021/04/27/threshold-crossed/israeli-authorities-and-crimes-apartheid-and-persecution |journal=Human Rights Watch |language=en}}</ref> Over 65 laws create structural advantages for Jewish citizens in areas such as resource allocation, housing, and legal rights.<ref>{{Cite web |date=12 January 2021 |title=A regime of Jewish supremacy from the Jordan River to the Mediterranean Sea: This is apartheid |url=https://www.btselem.org/publications/fulltext/202101_this_is_apartheid |website=[[B'Tselem]]}}</ref> Land ownership laws designate approximately 93% of land as state property or controlled by the [[Jewish National Fund]], which explicitly restricts non-Jewish ownership and leasing.<ref>{{Citation |title=Chapter 1. The Principle of the Prohibition of the Sale of Land in the Doctrine of the Jewish National Fund |date=2016-04-11 |work=The Land Shall Not Be Sold in Perpetuity |pages=1–8 |url=https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110415964-002 |access-date=2025-02-03 |publisher=De Gruyter}}</ref> Disparities in public funding result in lower per capita investment in Palestinian-majority municipalities, affecting infrastructure, schools, and social services. The 2018 [[Basic Law: Israel as the Nation-State of the Jewish People|Nation-State Law]] defined Israel as the nation-state of the Jewish people, affirming exclusive national rights for Jewish citizens while downgrading Arabic from an official language to a special status.<ref>{{Citation |last=Boyle |first=Francis A. |title=Israel’s Crimes against Palestinians: War Crimes, Crimes against Humanity, Genocide |date=2010 |work=The Plight of the Palestinians |pages=259–262 |url=https://doi.org/10.1057/9780230107922_33 |access-date=2025-02-03 |place=New York |publisher=Palgrave Macmillan US |isbn=978-1-349-28656-0}}</ref>