Editing Quebec City (section)

===Climate===
{{Main article|Climate of Quebec City}}
[[File:Château Frontenac after a freezing rain day in Quebec city.jpg|thumb|left|Winter scene at the [[Château Frontenac]]]]

Quebec City is classified as a [[hemiboreal]] [[humid continental climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification]] ''Dfb'', [[Trewartha climate classification|Trewartha]] ''Dcbc'').<ref name="Peel">{{Cite journal |last1=Peel, M. C. |last2=Finlayson, B. L. |last3=McMahon, T. A. |year=2007 |title=Updated world map of the Köppen–Geiger climate classification |url=http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |url-status=live |journal=Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. |volume=11 |issue=5 |pages=1633–1644 |bibcode=2007HESS...11.1633P |doi=10.5194/hess-11-1633-2007 |issn=1027-5606 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203170339/http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/11/1633/2007/hess-11-1633-2007.pdf |archive-date=3 February 2012 |access-date=10 February 2013 |doi-access=free}}</ref>

Quebec City experiences four distinct seasons. Summers are warm and occasionally hot, with periods of hotter temperatures which compounded with the high humidity, create a high heat index that belies the average high of {{convert|22|-|25|C}} and lows of {{Convert|11|-|13|C}}. Winters are cold, windy and snowy with average high temperatures {{Convert|-5|to|-8|C}} and lows {{convert|-13|to|-18|C}}. Spring and fall, although short, bring chilly to warm temperatures. Late heat waves as well as "[[Indian summer]]s" are a common occurrence.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://time.com/archive/6775810/canada-indian-summer/ |title=Canada: Indian Summer |website=Time}}</ref>

On average, Quebec City receives {{convert|1190|mm|2}} of precipitation, of which {{convert|899|mm|2}} is rain and {{convert|303|mm|2}} is the melt from {{convert|316|cm|1}} of snowfall per annum.{{efn|Although snow is measured in cm the melted snow (water equivalent) is measured in mm and added to the rainfall to obtain the total precipitation. An approximation of the water equivalent can be made by dividing the snow depth by ten. Thus {{convert|1|cm|1|abbr=on}} of snow is equivalent to approximately {{convert|1|mm|2|abbr=on}} of water. See [[snow gauge]],<ref>[http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/prods_servs/normals_documentation_e.html#ND2 Rainfall, Snowfall, and Precipitation] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121228044057/http://www.climate.weatheroffice.gc.ca/prods_servs/normals_documentation_e.html |date=28 December 2012 }}</ref> and<ref>[http://www.ec.gc.ca/Publications/A192EDCE-8394-4662-BE0F-AAD3E32F23E9%5CMANOBS7A17_e.pdf MANOBS 7th Edition Amendment 17]{{dead link|date=September 2018|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>}} The city experiences around 1,916 hours of bright sunshine annually or 41.5% of possible sunshine, with summer being the sunniest, but also slightly the wettest season. During winter, snow generally stays on the ground from the end of November till mid-April.

The highest temperature ever recorded in Quebec City was {{convert|36.1|C}} on 17 July 1953.<ref name="July 1953">{{Cite web |date=31 October 2011 |title=Daily Data Report for July 1953 |url=http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1872-06-01%7C1959-02-28&mlyRange=1872-01-01%7C1959-12-01&StationID=5249&Prov=QC&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=1930&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&Month=7&Day=8&txtStationName=quebec&timeframe=2&Year=1953 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816185758/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1872-06-01%7C1959-02-28&mlyRange=1872-01-01%7C1959-12-01&StationID=5249&Prov=QC&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=1930&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&Month=7&Day=8&txtStationName=quebec&timeframe=2&Year=1953 |archive-date=16 August 2016 |access-date=8 July 2016 |website=Canadian Climate Data |publisher=[[Environment Canada]]}}</ref> The coldest temperature ever recorded was {{convert|-36.7|C}} on 10 January 1890 and 14 January 2015.<ref name="January 1890">{{Cite web |date=31 October 2011 |title=Daily Data Report for January 1890 |url=http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1872-06-01%7C1959-02-28&mlyRange=1872-01-01%7C1959-12-01&StationID=5249&Prov=QC&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=1930&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&Month=1&Day=8&txtStationName=quebec&timeframe=2&Year=1890 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816163141/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=%7C&dlyRange=1872-06-01%7C1959-02-28&mlyRange=1872-01-01%7C1959-12-01&StationID=5249&Prov=QC&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=1930&selRowPerPage=25&Line=0&searchMethod=contains&Month=1&Day=8&txtStationName=quebec&timeframe=2&Year=1890 |archive-date=16 August 2016 |access-date=8 July 2016 |website=Canadian Climate Data |publisher=[[Environment Canada]]}}</ref><ref name="January 2015">{{Cite web |date=31 October 2011 |title=Daily Data Report for January 2015 |url=http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=2005-03-24%7C2016-07-07&dlyRange=1992-12-04%7C2016-07-06&mlyRange=1998-01-01%7C2016-03-01&StationID=26892&Prov=QC&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=4&searchMethod=contains&Month=1&Day=1&txtStationName=quebec&timeframe=2&Year=2015 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160816171831/http://climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_data/daily_data_e.html?hlyRange=2005-03-24%7C2016-07-07&dlyRange=1992-12-04%7C2016-07-06&mlyRange=1998-01-01%7C2016-03-01&StationID=26892&Prov=QC&urlExtension=_e.html&searchType=stnName&optLimit=yearRange&StartYear=1840&EndYear=2016&selRowPerPage=25&Line=4&searchMethod=contains&Month=1&Day=1&txtStationName=quebec&timeframe=2&Year=2015 |archive-date=16 August 2016 |access-date=8 July 2016 |website=Canadian Climate Data |publisher=[[Environment Canada]]}}</ref>

{{Quebec City weatherbox}}