Editing Puppet state (section)

==Early twentieth-century examples==
{{Main|List of World War I puppet states}}

=== Established by the German Empire ===
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Poland (1919–1928).svg}} [[Kingdom of Poland (1917–1918)|Kingdom of Poland]] (1917–1918) – The [[Central Powers]]' forces occupied [[Russian Empire|Russian]] [[Congress Poland]] in 1915 and in 1916, [[German Empire|Germany]] and [[Austria-Hungary]] created a Polish monarchy to exploit the occupied territories in an easier way and mobilise the Poles against the Russians (see [[Polish Legions in World War I|Polish Legions]]). In 1918 the state became independent and formed the backbone of the new internationally recognised [[Second Polish Republic]].
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Lithuania (1918).svg}} [[Kingdom of Lithuania (1918)|Kingdom of Lithuania]] (1918) – After Russia's defeat and the territorial cessions of the 1918 [[Treaty of Brest-Litovsk]], the Germans established a Lithuanian kingdom. However, it became [[Republic of Lithuania (1918-1940)|an independent republic]] with Germany's defeat.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Courland (state).svg}} [[Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1918)|Duchy of Courland and Semigallia]] (1918) – In 1915, German forces occupied the Russian [[Courland Governorate]] and the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ended the [[Eastern Front (World War I)|war in the east]], so the local ethnic [[Baltic Germans]] established a duchy under the German crown in that part of ''[[Ober Ost]]'', with a common return of civil administration in favour of the military.{{clarify|common return?|date=May 2023}} This state was swiftly merged with the Baltic State Duchy and the German-occupied territories of the Russian Empire in Livonia and Estonia, into a multi-ethnic [[United Baltic Duchy]].

=== By others ===
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of the South West Caucasian Republic.svg}} [[Provisional National Government of the Southwestern Caucasus]] and {{Flagicon image|Flag of TRWT.svg}} [[Provisional Government of Western Thrace]] were provisional republics established by the Turkish minorities of Thrace and Caucasia after the [[Ottoman Empire]] lost its lands in these regions. Both were the products of the Ottoman Intelligence agency, [[Special Organization (Ottoman Empire)|Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa]], in terms of organisational structure and organisers, and they had remarkably common{{clarify|similar?|date=May 2023}} features.<ref name="Sirin">{{cite journal|last=Şirin|first=İbrahim|url=http://www.historystudies.net/dergi/tar201512901a7.pdf|title=İki Hükümet Bir Teşkilat: Garbî Trakya Hükümet-i Muvakkatesi'nden Cenub-î Garbî Kafkas Hükümeti Muvakkate- î Milliyesi'ne|trans-title=Two Governments One Organisation: From the Provisional Government of Western Thrace to the Provisional Government of South-Western Caucasia|language=tr|journal=History Studies |publisher=historystudies.net|volume=6|issue=2|date=February 2014|issn=1309-4688|doi=10.9737/historys1130|pages=125–142}} See translated abstract on page 125.</ref>
* {{Flagicon image|Socialist red flag.svg}} [[Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic|Donetsk-Krivoy Rog Republic]] (1918) – The state, remotely controlled by the [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russian Soviet Republic]],<ref name="Harvard">{{cite web |title=Casus Belli: Did Lenin Create Modern Ukraine? |url=https://huri.harvard.edu/news/serhii-plokhii-casus-belli-did-lenin-create-modern-ukraine |author=Serhii Plokhii |date=2022-02-27 |publisher=[[Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute]] |access-date=2022-07-08}}</ref> was founded by [[Joseph Stalin]]'s close friend [[Fyodor Sergeyev]].<ref name="rbth">{{cite web |title=USSR's first AEROWAGON - and the dark story behind it (PHOTOS + VIDEO) |url=https://www.rbth.com/history/334071-ussrs-first-aerowagon-story |author=Yekaterina Sinelschikova |date=2021-08-03 |publisher=[[RBTH]] |access-date=2022-07-07}}</ref> However, the DKRR was disliked by [[Vladimir Lenin]]. The capital of the republic was soon overthrown by the Germans again, and after the Soviet [[Red Army]] regained control of the territory, the country was dissolved at Lenin's request.
* {{Flagicon image|Flag of Central Lithuania 1920.svg}} [[Republic of Central Lithuania]] (1920–1922) – Dependent and fully incorporated by the Second Polish Republic in 1922.