Editing Pune (section)

=== British Rule (1818–1947) ===
[[File:Pune Poona 1911 map.jpg|thumb|left|Map of Poona in 1911.]]
[[File:Dapoorie viaduct, Poona, 1858.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Dapoorie railway bridge in [[Dapodi]] in 1858.]] 
[[File:KITLV 100100 - Unknown - Deccan College in Poona in India - Around 1875.tif|thumb|250px|right|Deccan College in Poona in India Around 1875]]
The [[Third Anglo-Maratha War]] broke out between the Marathas and [[East India Company|the British East India Company]] in 1817. The [[Peshwa]]s were defeated at the [[Battle of Khadki]] (then spelled Kirkee) on 5{{spaces}}November near Pune and the city was seized by the British. It was placed under the administration of the [[Bombay Presidency]] and the British built a large military [[Pune Cantonment|cantonment]] to the east of the city (now used by the [[Indian Army]]). The old city and the cantonment areas followed different patterns of development, with the latter being developed more on European lines to cater for the needs of the British military class. The old city had narrow lanes and areas segregated by caste and religion.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Kadekar|first1=LN|title=A Reader in urban sociology|date=1991|publisher=Sangam|location=London|isbn=978-0863111518|pages=154–155|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fEwOQh41NZMC&q=poona+british+cantonment++%22race+course%22+&pg=PA49}}</ref> The settlement of the regiments of the 17 [[Poona Horse]] cavalry, the [[Lancashire Fusiliers]], the [[Maratha Light Infantry]], and others, led to an increase in the population. Due to its milder weather, the city became the "Monsoon capital" of the Governor of Bombay, thus making it one of the most important cities of the [[Bombay Presidency]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/19672/GIPE-030255.pdf?sequence=3 |title=Moledina, M.H., 1953. History of the Poona Cantonment, 1818–1953 |access-date=21 November 2019 |archive-date=28 October 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211028170717/https://dspace.gipe.ac.in/xmlui/bitstream/handle/10973/19672/GIPE-030255.pdf?sequence=3 |url-status=live }}</ref>{{#tag:ref| Building cantonments was a peculiarly British phenomenon in the Indian subcontinent. Whenever the British occupied new territory, they built new garrison towns near the old cities and called them cantonments.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}}|group=note}}  
The [[Southern Command (India)|Southern Command]] of the [[Indian Army]], established in 1895, is headquartered in [[Pune Camp|Pune cantonment]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/pune/report-southern-command-hq-set-to-archive-army-s-glory-1917575|title=Southern Command HQ set to archive Army's glory {{!}} Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|date=12 November 2013|work=dna|access-date=31 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705003346/http://www.dnaindia.com/pune/report-southern-command-hq-set-to-archive-army-s-glory-1917575|archive-date=5 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.oneindia.com/feature/southern-command-army-s-shining-star-1620665.html|title=Southern Command: Army's shining star|work=OneIndia|access-date=31 May 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180704214056/https://www.oneindia.com/feature/southern-command-army-s-shining-star-1620665.html|archive-date=4 July 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>

The city of Pune was known as Poona during British rule. Poona Municipality was established in 1858. A railway line from Bombay to the city opened in 1858, run by the [[Great Indian Peninsula Railway]] (GIPR).<ref>{{cite book|title=Gazetteer of The Bombay Presidency: Poona (Part 2)|publisher=Government Central press|page=156|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yxEIAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA85|year=1885}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency: Poona (2 pts.)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=95o5AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA308|year=1885|publisher=Government Central Press|page=308}}</ref> [[Navi Peth, Pune|Navi Peth]], [[Ganj Peth]] (now renamed [[Mahatma Phule Peth]]) were developed during the [[British Raj]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2018}}

====Centre of Social Reform and Nationalism====
{{multiple image
| align             = right
| direction         = vertical
| image1            = MAIN ST. buildings on right, sign for JAFFERJEE MERCHANTS - Poona.jpg
| width1            = 250
| alt1              = 
| caption1          = One of main streets of Pune in 1900s
| image2            = A Street in Budhwar Peth - Poona.jpg
| width2            = 250
| alt2              = 
| caption2          = A Street in [[Budhwar Peth, Pune|Budhwar Peth]]
}}
Pune was prominently associated with the [[Indian independence movement|struggle for Indian independence]]. In the period between 1875 and 1910, the city was a centre of agitation led by [[Gopal Krishna Gokhale]] and [[Bal Gangadhar Tilak]]. The city was also a centre for social reform led by [[Gopal Ganesh Agarkar]], [[Mahatma Jyotirao Phule]], feminist [[Tarabai Shinde]], [[Dhondo Keshav Karve]] and [[Pandita Ramabai]]. They demanded the abolition of caste prejudice, equal rights for women, harmony between the [[Hindus|Hindu]] and [[Muslims|Muslim]] communities, and better schools for the poor.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://newrepublic.com/article/104203/the-other-liberal-light|title=The Other Liberal Light|magazine=The New Republic|access-date=28 April 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180620001120/https://newrepublic.com/article/104203/the-other-liberal-light|archive-date=20 June 2018|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Mahatma Gandhi]] was imprisoned at the [[Yerwada Central Jail]] several times and placed under house arrest at the [[Aga Khan Palace]] between 1942 and 1944, where both his wife [[Kasturba Gandhi]] and aide [[Mahadev Desai]] died.<ref name="Severance1997">{{cite book|author=John B. Severance|title=Gandhi, Great Soul|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BrWhSlAI6QAC&pg=PA9|year=1997|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Harcourt|isbn=978-0-395-77179-2|pages=113–115}}</ref> [[Vinayak Damodar Savarkar|Savarkar]] used to study in [[Fergusson College]] and performed the "[[Holi]]" of foreign items near [[Mutha river]] bank {{Citation needed|date=February 2022}}.