Editing Psychometrics (section)

== Instruments and procedures ==
The first psychometric instruments were designed to measure [[intelligence (trait)|intelligence]].<ref>{{cite book |title=Massachusetts General Hospital comprehensive clinical psychiatry |date=2016 |location=London |isbn=978-0323295079 |page=73 |edition=Second |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=y5nTBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA74 |access-date=31 October 2021|last1=Stern |first1=Theodore A. |last2=Fava |first2=Maurizio |last3=Wilens |first3=Timothy E. |last4=Rosenbaum |first4=Jerrold F. }}</ref> One early approach to measuring intelligence was the test developed in France by [[Alfred Binet]] and [[Theodore Simon]]. That test was known as the {{ill|Test Binet-Simon|fr}}.The French test was adapted for use in the U. S. by [[Lewis Terman]] of Stanford University, and named the [[Stanford-Binet IQ test]].

Another major focus in psychometrics has been on [[personality test]]ing. There has been a range of theoretical approaches to conceptualizing and measuring personality, though there is no widely agreed upon theory. Some of the better-known instruments include the [[Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory]], the [[Big five personality traits|Five-Factor Model]] (or "Big 5") and tools such as [[Personality and Preference Inventory]] and the [[Myers–Briggs Type Indicator]]. Attitudes have also been studied extensively using psychometric approaches.{{citation needed|date=March 2015}}<ref>{{Cite book |title=The Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology |publisher=Gale |year=2022 |isbn=9780028683867 |editor-last=Longe |editor-first=Jacqueline L. |edition=4th |volume=2 |location=Farmington Hills, Michigan |pages=1000}}</ref> An alternative method involves the application of unfolding measurement models, the most general being the Hyperbolic Cosine Model (Andrich & Luo, 1993).<ref>Andrich, D. & Luo, G. (1993). A hyperbolic cosine latent trait model for unfolding [[dichotomy|dichotomous]] single-stimulus responses. Applied Psychological Measurement, 17, 253–276.</ref>