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===Diet=== [[File:Equus przewalskii Le Villaret 02 2006-07-20.jpg|thumb|left|Przewalski's horses]] Przewalski horse's diet consists of vegetation. Many plant species are in a typical Przewalski's horse environment, including: ''[[Elymus repens]]'', ''[[Carex]] ''spp., [[Fabaceae]], and [[Asteraceae]].<ref name="pol.j.ecol.cbe-pan.pl">{{cite journal |url=http://www.pol.j.ecol.cbe-pan.pl/article/ar59_4_19.pdf |title=Diet of the Przewalski's horse ''Equus przewalskii'' in the Chernobyl exclusion zone |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029185432/http://www.pol.j.ecol.cbe-pan.pl/article/ar59_4_19.pdf |archive-date=29 October 2013 |author1=Kateryna Slivinska |author2=Grzegorz Kopij |journal=Polish Journal of Ecology |volume=59 |issue=4 |pages=841β847 |date=July 2011 |df=dmy-all}}</ref> Looking at the species' diet overall, Przewalski's horses most often eat ''E. repens'', ''[[Trifolium pratense]]'', ''[[Vicia cracca]]'', ''[[Poa trivialis]]'', ''[[Dactylis glomerata]]'', and ''[[Bromus inermis]]''.<ref name="pol.j.ecol.cbe-pan.pl"/> While the horses eat a variety of different plant species, they tend to favor different species at different times of year. In the springtime, they favor ''Elymus repens'', ''[[Corynephorus canescens]]'', ''[[Festuca valesiaca]],'' and ''[[Chenopodium album]]''. In early summer, they favor ''Dactylis glomerata'' and ''[[Trifolium]]'', and in late summer, they gravitate towards ''E. repens'' and ''Vicia cracca''.<ref name="pol.j.ecol.cbe-pan.pl"/> In winter the horses eat ''[[Salix]] ''spp., ''[[Pyrus communis]]'', ''[[Malus]] sylvatica'', ''[[Pinus sylvestris]]'', ''[[Rose|Rosa]]'' spp., and ''[[Alnus]]'' spp. Additionally, Przewalski's horses may dig for ''[[Festuca]]'' spp., ''Bromus inermis'', and ''E. repens'' that grow beneath the ice and snow. Their winter diet is very similar to the winter diet of domestic horses,<ref name="pol.j.ecol.cbe-pan.pl"/> but differs from that revealed by isotope analysis of the historical (pre-captivity) population, which switched in winter to browsing shrubs, though the difference may be due to the extreme habitat pressure the historical population was under.<ref name=isotope/> In the wintertime, they eat their food more slowly than they do during other times of the year. Przewalski's horses seasonally display a set of changes collectively characteristic of physiologic adaptation to starvation, with their [[basal metabolic rate]] in winter being half what it is during springtime. This is not a direct consequence of decreased nutrient intake, but rather a programmed response to predictable seasonal dietary fluctuation.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Arnold |first1=Walter |last2=Ruf |first2=Thomas |last3=Kuntz |first3=Regina |title=Seasonal adjustment of energy budget in a large wild mammal, the Przewalski horse (Equus ferus przewalskii) II. Energy expenditure |journal=The Journal of Experimental Biology |volume=209 |pages=4566β4573 |year=2006 |issue=22 |doi=10.1242/jeb.02536|pmid=17079726 |s2cid=250512 |doi-access=free |bibcode=2006JExpB.209.4566A }}</ref>
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