Editing Provinces of Ireland (section)

===Norman Ireland===
Osraige would be amongst the first Irish kingdoms to fall following the [[Norman invasion of Ireland]] in 1170, and was soon afterwards split from Leinster and made part of the royal demesne lands of Waterford.<ref name="DuffyMedieval358"/>

In the years following the invasion, the kingdoms of Connacht, Desmumu, Laigin, Mide, Tuadmumu, and Ulaid formed the basis for the Norman liberties of Connacht, Desmond, Leinster, Meath, Thomond and Ulster respectively.<ref name="Falkiner"/><ref name="MacCotter186"/> These liberties were later subdivided into smaller ones that became the basis for the counties of Ireland.<ref name="Falkiner"/>

The Northern Uí Néill remained outside of Norman control, eventually absorbing the greater part of Airgíalla, which had by the end of the 12th century lost its eastern territory (afterwards known as "English Oriel" and later as Louth) to the Normans.<ref name="Clontarf24"/> Airgíalla would eventually no longer be reckoned an over-kingdom; however, it survived in present-day County Monaghan for as long as the Gaelic order survived,<ref name="Connolly12"/> with the last king of Airgíalla being [[Hugh Roe McMahon]], who reigned from 1589 until his execution in September/October 1590.

With the collapse of English control in Ireland following the [[Bruce campaign in Ireland]] in 1315, and the subsequent collapse of the [[Earldom of Ulster]], the Gaelic order had a resurgence and the Clandeboye O'Neills of the Northern Uí Néill stepped into the power vacuum in Ulster bringing it under the sovereignty of the [[O'Neill dynasty|O'Neills]] of Tyrone. After this they claimed for the first time the title of  {{lang|ga|rí Ulad}}, "king of Ulster", amalgamating their territory into one united province. This reduced the number of provinces to five—Connact, Leinster, Meath, Munster, and Ulster.