Editing Protoscience (section)

===Protoscience===
Philosophers define protoscience as an undeveloped science field, undeveloped meaning an incomplete or approximate science field.  [[Mario Bunge]] defined a protoscience as a research field that approximately satisfies a similar set of the 12 science conditions.{{sfn|Bunge|1983|pp=202–03}}  A protoscience that is evolving to ultimately satisfy all 12 conditions is an <em>emerging</em> or <em>developing</em> science.{{sfn|Bunge|1983|p=203}}  Bunge states, "The difference between protoscience and pseudoscience parallels that between error and deception."{{sfn|Bunge|1983|p=203}} A protoscience may not survive or evolve to a science or [[pseudoscience]].{{sfn|Bunge|2010|p=253}}  Kuhn was skeptical about any remedy that would reliably transform a protoscience to a science stating, “I claim no therapy to assist the transformation of a proto-science to a science, nor do I suppose anything of this sort is to be had.”{{sfn|Kuhn|1970|p=245}}

[[Raimo Tuomela]] defined a protoscience as a research field that satisfies 9 of the 12 science conditions; a protoscience fails to satisfy the up-to-date conditions for logic/mathematical tools, specific background knowledge from neighboring fields, and accumulated knowledge (5, 7, 9), and there is reason to believe the protoscience will ultimately satisfy all 12 conditions.{{sfn|Tuomela|1987|p=92}}  Protosciences and belief fields are both non-science fields, but only a protoscience can become a science field.{{sfn|Tuomela|1987|p=92}}  Tuomela emphasizes that the cognitive field concept refers to "ideal types" and there may be some persons within a science field with non-scientific "attitudes, thinking and actions"; therefore, it may be better to apply scientific and non-scientific to "attitudes, thinking and actions" rather than directly to cognitive fields.{{sfn|Tuomela|1987|p=92}}