Editing Programming language (section)

===2000s to present===

During the 2000s, there was a slowdown in the development of new programming languages that achieved widespread popularity.{{sfn|Gabbrielli|Martini|2023|p=542}} One innovation was [[service-oriented programming]], designed to exploit [[distributed systems]] whose components are connected by a network. Services are similar to objects in object-oriented programming, but run on a separate process.{{sfn|Gabbrielli|Martini|2023|pp=474–475, 477, 542}} [[C Sharp (programming language)|C#]] and [[F Sharp (programming language)|F#]] cross-pollinated ideas between imperative and functional programming.{{sfn|Gabbrielli|Martini|2023|pp=542–543}} After 2010, several new languages—[[Rust (programming language)|Rust]], [[Go (programming language)|Go]], [[Swift (programming language)|Swift]], [[Zig (programming language)|Zig]] and [[Carbon (programming language)|Carbon]] —competed for the performance-critical software for which C had historically been used.{{sfn|Gabbrielli|Martini|2023|p=544}} Most of the new programming languages use [[Type system|static typing]] while a few numbers of new languages use [[Type system|dynamic typing]] like [[Ring (programming language)|Ring]] and [[Julia_(programming_language)|Julia]].<ref>{{cite arXiv | eprint=1209.5145 | last1=Bezanson | first1=Jeff | last2=Karpinski | first2=Stefan | last3=Shah | first3=Viral B. | last4=Edelman | first4=Alan | title=Julia: A Fast Dynamic Language for Technical Computing | date=2012 | class=cs.PL }}</ref><ref>Ayouni, M. and Ayouni, M., 2020. Data Types in Ring. Beginning Ring Programming: From Novice to Professional, pp.51-98.</ref>

Some of the new programming languages are classified as [[visual programming languages]] like [[Scratch_(programming_language)|Scratch]], [[LabVIEW]] and [[PWCT]]. Also, some of these languages mix between textual and visual programming usage like [[Ballerina (programming language)|Ballerina]].<ref>Sáez-López, J.M., Román-González, M. and Vázquez-Cano, E., 2016. Visual programming languages integrated across the curriculum in elementary school: A two year case study using “Scratch” in five schools. Computers & Education, 97, pp.129-141.</ref><ref>Fayed, M.S., Al-Qurishi, M., Alamri, A. and Al-Daraiseh, A.A., 2017, March. PWCT: visual language for IoT and cloud computing applications and systems. In Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Internet of things, Data and Cloud Computing (pp. 1-5).</ref><ref>Kodosky, J., 2020. LabVIEW. Proceedings of the ACM on Programming Languages, 4(HOPL), pp.1-54.</ref><ref>Fernando, A. and Warusawithana, L., 2020. Beginning Ballerina Programming: From Novice to Professional. Apress.</ref> Also, this trend lead to developing projects that help in developing new VPLs like [[Blockly]] by [[Google]].<ref>Baluprithviraj, K.N., Bharathi, K.R., Chendhuran, S. and Lokeshwaran, P., 2021, March. Artificial intelligence based smart door with face mask detection. In 2021 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Smart Systems (ICAIS) (pp. 543-548). IEEE.</ref> Many game engines like [[Unreal Engine|Unreal]] and [[Unity (game engine)|Unity]] added support for visual scripting too.<ref>Sewell, B., 2015. Blueprints visual scripting for unreal engine. Packt Publishing Ltd.</ref><ref>Bertolini, L., 2018. Hands-On Game Development without Coding: Create 2D and 3D games with Visual Scripting in Unity. Packt Publishing Ltd.</ref>