Editing Pope Gregory XVI (section)

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[[File:Gregorio XVI nella processione del Corpus Domini.jpg|thumb|Pope Gregory XVI leading a [[Eucharistic procession]]. Painting by Ferdinando Cavalleri (1840)]]
The [[July Revolution|revolution of 1830]], which overthrew the [[House of Bourbon]], had just inflicted a severe blow on the Catholic royalist party in France. Almost the first act of the new French government was to seize [[Ancona]], thus throwing [[Italian unification|Italy]], and particularly the [[Papal States]], into a state of confusion and political upheaval. Gregory issued a proclamation on 9 February 1831, one week after his election, expressing good will towards his subjects.<ref>Pope Gregory XVI, [https://www.vatican.va/content/gregorius-xvi/it/documents/epistola-chiamati-dalla-divina-9-febbraio-1831.html Proclama: Chiamati Dalla Divina], in Italian, published on 9 February 1831, accessed on 22 August 2024</ref> In the course of the struggle that ensued, the Pope found it necessary more than once to call in [[Austrian Empire|Austrian]] troops to fight the red-shirted republicans engaged in a guerrilla campaign.{{sfn|McBrien|2000|p=276}} The conservative administration of the Papal States postponed their promised reforms after a series of bombings and assassination attempts. The replacement of [[Tommaso Bernetti]] by [[Luigi Lambruschini]] as [[Cardinal Secretary of State]] in 1836 did nothing to appease the situation.

In the northern territories, the leaders of the revolt were middle-class gentry opposed to the general inefficiency of the government.<ref name=owen/>