Editing Pope Adrian IV (section)

==Election, 1154==
[[File:Adrian IV's itinerary, 1154-1159.ogv|thumb|upright=1.3|Simplified itinerary of Adrian IV, 1154–1159.{{sfn|Bolton|2003b|p=179}} Neither distances nor location to scale. Dates indicate Adrian's presence not of arrival departure.|alt=short video illustrating some of Adrian's movements]]
It was Breakspear's being "in the right place at the right time", suggests the Papal librarian [[Bradford Lee Eden]],{{sfn|Eden|2006|p=293}} that led to his election as pope on Saturday, 4 December 1154,{{sfn|Ullmann|1955|p=237}} although Duggan argues that he must also have had exceptional qualities, both to reach the rank he had and as seen in his Scandinavian trip{{sfn|Duggan|2003a|p=152}}—or as William of Newburgh later wrote, "raised as if from the dust to sit in the midst of princes.{{sfn|Bolton|Duggan|2003|p=273}} Events moved rapidly:{{sfn|Ullmann|1955|p=237}} the period was one of great crisis for the papacy.{{sfn|Duggan|2003a|p=155}} Adrian was enthroned on the 5th and crowned in [[Old St. Peter's Basilica|St Peter's]] on the 6th.{{sfn|Ullmann|1955|p=237}}{{refn|A new pope would usually be elected in the Lateran, but this was currently holding Anastasius' body.{{sfn|Ullmann|1955|p=237}}|group=note}} His election, said Boso, "happened—not without divine council—that they unanimously agreed" on Adrian.{{sfn|Robinson|1996|p=78}} To date, Adrian has been the only English pope.{{sfn|Eden|2006|p=293}}{{refn|At this point, a simple majority vote sufficed until 1179, when the [[Third Lateran Council]] increased the required majority to two-thirds.{{sfn|Baumgartner|2003a|pp=167–168}}|group=note}} He was one of the few popes of his era who did not need [[consecration|consecrating]] on his election, as he was already a bishop.{{refn|Ullmann notes that this was "a somewhat unusual feature at the time, as many popes were not in orders at the time of their election".{{sfn|Ullmann|1955|p=237}}|group=note}}

According to Boso, Breakspear had to be forced "against his will" into the Papal throne.{{sfn|Twyman|2003|p=49}} He took the name Adrian IV, possibly in honour of [[Adrian I]], who revered [[St Alban]]{{sfn|Robinson|2004|p=355 n.243}} and first granted the abbey of that name its privileges.{{sfn|Bolton|2003a|p=75}} It was, suggests Julius Norwich, " wise choice, for energy and force were desperately needed".{{sfn|Norwich|1970|p=177}} Although he had been elected unanimously from among the cardinals, the role of the Roman people was ignored. Thus relations between the Pope and his city were poor from the beginning,{{sfn|Baumgartner|2003b|p=31}} as were relations between Adrian and the King of Sicily, who controlled much of southern Italy.{{sfn|Eden|2006|p=293}} Relations with the commune were so bad that Adrian was forced to remain in the [[Leonine City]]{{refn|The [[Leonine City]] was built by [[Pope Leo III]] in the 9th century. It was located to the northwest of Rome, beyond the city walls; as such, it was officially outside the jurisdiction of the commune.{{sfn|Twyman|2003|p=49}}|group=note}} and was thus unable to immediately complete the enthronement ceremony, as tradition dictated, by making his ''[[Adventus (ceremony)|adventus]]'' into Rome itself. In the event, Adrian was required to remain there for the next four months.{{sfn|Twyman|2003|p=49}} As a result, although he had been consecrated, he had not been crowned in the ceremony ''dies coronae'' at the Lateran which gave him not his title but gave him feudal title of the papal lands. It is probable that, due to problematic relations with the Romans, he did not receive his crown until the following Easter.{{sfn|Twyman|2003|p=67}}