Editing Polyurethane (section)

===Bio-derived materials===
Interest in [[sustainable]] [[green chemistry|"green"]] products raised interest in polyols derived from [[vegetable oil]]s,<ref>Khanderay, Jitendra C., and Vikas V. Gite. "Vegetable oil-based polyurethane coatings: recent developments in India." Green Materials 5.3 (2017): 109-122.</ref><ref name="ussc">
{{cite conference
  | last1 = Niemeyer | first1 = Timothy
  | last2= Patel    | first2= Munjal
  | last3= Geiger   | first3= Eric
  | title =A Further Examination of Soy-Based Polyols in Polyurethane Systems
  | publisher = Alliance for the Polyurethane Industry Technical Conference
  | date = September 2006
  | location = Salt Lake City, UT
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite news
  | title = New Twist on Green: 2008 Ford Mustang Seats Will Be Soy-Based Foam
  | publisher = Edmunds inside line
  | date = July 12, 2007
  | url = http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/News/articleId=121682
  | access-date = 2010-06-15
  | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20080531084933/http://www.edmunds.com/insideline/do/News/articleId=121682 
  | archive-date = 2008-05-31
}}</ref> fatty acids<ref>SD Rajput, PP Mahulikar, VV Gite, Biobased dimer fatty acid containing two pack polyurethane for wood finished coatings, Progress in Organic Coatings 77 (1), 38-46
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2014.04.030</ref>, lignin, [[sorbitol]] <ref>A Anand, RD Kulkarni, VV Gite, Preparation and properties of eco-friendly two pack PU coatings based on renewable source (sorbitol) and its property improvement by nano ZnO, Progress in Organic Coatings 74 (4), 764-767, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2011.09.031</ref>, etc. These are mostly contributing to [[polyol]] part.  There are attempts made to prepare isocyanate part using bio-derived material.  However, as far as commercialization is concern, polyol part is more targeted being easy and required in more quantity than [[isocyanate]] part.  Various oils used in the preparation polyols for polyurethanes include [[soybean oil]], [[cottonseed oil]], [[neem seed oil]], [[algae]] oil,<ref>Chandrashekhar K Patil, Harishchandra D Jirimali, Jayasinh S Paradeshi, Bhushan L Chaudhari, Prakash K Alagi, Pramod P Mahulikar, Sung Chul Hong, Vikas V Gite, Chemical transformation of renewable algae oil to polyetheramide polyols for polyurethane coatings, Progress in Organic Coatings 151, 106084, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2020.106084</ref><ref>CK Patil, HD Jirimali, JS Paradeshi, BL Chaudhari, VV Gite, Functional antimicrobial and anticorrosive polyurethane composite coatings from algae oil and silver doped egg shell hydroxyapatite for sustainable development, Progress in Organic Coatings 128, 127-136, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2018.11.002</ref> and [[castor oil]]. Vegetable oils are functionalized in various ways and modified to [[polyetheramide]]s, [[polyether]]s, [[alkyd]]s, etc. Renewable sources used to prepare polyols may be [[fatty acid]]s or [[dimer acid|dimer fatty acids]].<ref>Biobased dimer fatty acid containing two pack polyurethane for wood finished coatings, SD Rajput, PP Mahulikar, VV Gite, Progress in Organic Coatings 77 (1), 38-46</ref> Some biobased and isocyanate-free polyurethanes exploit the reaction between [[polyamine]]s and cyclic carbonates to produce [[polyhydroxyurethane]]s.<ref name="From Petrochemical Polyurethanes to Biobased Polyhydroxyurethanes">{{cite journal |doi=10.1021/ma400197c |title=From Petrochemical Polyurethanes to Biobased Polyhydroxyurethanes |journal=Macromolecules |volume=46 |issue=10 |pages=3771–92 |year=2013 |last1=Nohra |first1=Bassam |last2=Candy |first2=Laure |last3=Blanco |first3=Jean-François |last4=Guerin |first4=Celine |last5=Raoul |first5=Yann |last6=Mouloungui |first6=Zephirin |bibcode=2013MaMol..46.3771N |url=http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/9942/1/Nohra_9942.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170922043448/http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/9942/1/Nohra_9942.pdf |archive-date=2017-09-22 |url-status=live }}</ref>