Editing Pistachio (section)

=== Diseases and environment ===
{{See also|List of pistachio diseases}}

Pistachio trees are vulnerable to numerous diseases and infestation by insects such as ''[[Leptoglossus clypealis]]'' in North America.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Bolkan |first=Hasan |date=1 March 1984 |title=Leaf-footed bug implicated in pistachio epicarp lesion |url=http://calag.ucanr.edu/archive/?article=ca.v038n03p16 |journal=California Agriculture |volume=38 |pages=16–17 |access-date=2 August 2018 |archive-date=19 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220419102950/https://calag.ucanr.edu/archive/?article=ca.v038n03p16 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Among these is infection by the fungus ''[[Botryosphaeria]]'', which causes panicle and shoot [[blight]] (symptoms include death of the flowers and young [[Shoot (botany)|shoots]]), and can damage entire pistachio orchards.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Parfitt |first1=D.E. |last2=Arjmand |first2=N. |last3=Michailides |first3=T.J. |date=July 2003 |title=Resistance to Botryosphaeria dothidea in pistachio |journal=HortScience |volume=38 |issue=4 |page=529 |doi=10.21273/HORTSCI.38.4.529 |doi-access=free}}</ref> In 2004, the rapidly growing pistachio industry in California was threatened by panicle and shoot blight first discovered in 1984.<ref>{{cite web |date=12 January 2004 |title=California Pistachio Industry Threatened By Potentially Devastating Disease |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/01/040112071931.htm |access-date=9 March 2017 |website=ScienceDaily}}</ref> In 2011, [[anthracnose]] fungus caused a sudden 50% loss in the Australian pistachio harvest.<ref>{{cite web |author=Keim, Brandon |date=26 April 2011 |title=Australia Pistachio Disaster Hints at Agricultural Breakdown |url=https://www.wired.com/2011/04/pistachio-disease/ |access-date=9 March 2017 |publisher=Wired Magazine-Science}}</ref> Several years of severe drought in Iran around 2008 to 2015 caused significant declines in production.<ref>{{cite news |author=Erdbrink, Thomas |date=18 December 2015 |title=Scarred Riverbeds and Dead Pistachio Trees in a Parched Iran |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/12/19/world/middleeast/scarred-riverbeds-and-dead-pistachio-trees-in-a-parched-iran.html |access-date=9 March 2017}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="float:right; clear:right; width:12em; text-align:left; margin-right:1em;"
|+ Pistachio production, 2022
|-
! scope="col" | Country
! scope="col" | <br /><small>Metric tonnes</small>
|-
| {{USA}} || 400,070
|-
| {{IRN}} || 241,669
|-
| {{TUR}} || 239,289
|-
| {{CHN}} || 81,700
|-
| {{SYR}} || 45,467
|-
| '''World''' || '''1,026,803'''
|-
| colspan="2" |<small>Source: [[FAOSTAT]] of the United Nations</small><ref name="faostat">{{cite web|url=http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QC|title= Pistachio production in 2022, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity/Year (pick lists)|date=2024|publisher=UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT)|access-date=20 April 2024}}</ref>
|}