Editing Physics (section)

=== Scientific Revolution ===
{{further|History_of_physics#Scientific_Revolution}}

Physics became a separate science when [[early modern Europe]]ans used experimental and quantitative methods to discover what are now considered to be the [[laws of physics]].<ref name="benchaim2004">{{harvnb |Ben-Chaim|2004}}</ref>{{Page needed|date=November 2016}}

Major developments in this period include the replacement of the [[geocentric model]] of the [[Solar System]] with the heliocentric [[Copernican model]], the [[Kepler's laws|laws governing the motion of planetary bodies]] (determined by [[Johannes Kepler]] between 1609 and 1619), Galileo's pioneering work on [[telescope]]s and [[observational astronomy]] in the 16th and 17th centuries, and [[Isaac Newton]]'s discovery and unification of the [[Newton's laws of motion|laws of motion]] and [[Newton's law of universal gravitation|universal gravitation]] (that would come to bear his name).<ref>{{harvnb |Guicciardini|1999}}</ref> Newton, and separately [[Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz]], developed [[calculus]],<ref name=bblank> See also [[Leibniz–Newton calculus controversy]]. {{cite journal | last = Blank| first =Brian E. |date=May 2009 | title = The Calculus Wars reviewed by Brian E. Blank | journal = [[Notices of the American Mathematical Society]] | volume = 56 | issue = 5 | pages = 602–610 | url = https://www.ams.org/notices/200905/rtx090500602p.pdf }}</ref>  the mathematical study of continuous change, and Newton applied it to solve physical problems.<ref name="allen1997">{{harvnb |Allen|1997}}</ref>
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Justus Sustermans - Portrait of Galileo Galilei, 1636.jpg|[[Galileo Galilei]] (1564–1642) related mathematics, theoretical physics, and experimental physics.
JKepler.jpg|[[Johannes Kepler]] (1571–1630) explained [[Kepler's laws|planetary motions]], formulating the first "natural laws" in the modern sense<ref>{{cite web |last1=Gould |first1=Alan |title=Johannes Kepler: His Life, His Laws and Times |url=https://www.nasa.gov/kepler/education/johannes/ |website=[[NASA]] |date=24 September 2016 |access-date=25 February 2025 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210624003856/https://www.nasa.gov/kepler/education/johannes |archive-date=24 June 2021}}</ref>
GodfreyKneller-IsaacNewton-1689.jpg|[[Isaac Newton]] discovered the [[Newton's laws of motion|laws of motion]] and [[Newton's law of universal gravitation|universal gravitation]]
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