Editing Peacekeeping (section)

=== Non-United Nations peacekeeping ===
{{See also|NATO peacekeeping}}
[[File:En-MFO1.JPG|thumb|right|Canadian [[UH-1N Twin Huey|CH135 Twin Hueys]] assigned to the [[Multinational Force and Observers]] non-UN peacekeeping force, at [[El Gorah]], [[Sinai Peninsula|Sinai]], [[Egypt]], 1989.]]
[[File:75Parad 04.jpg|thumb|Members of the [[Azerbaijani peacekeeping forces]] in full combat uniform during the [[2020 Moscow Victory Day Parade]].]] 
Not all international peacekeeping forces have been directly controlled by the United Nations. In 1981, an agreement between Israel and Egypt formed the [[Multinational Force and Observers]], which continues to monitor the [[Sinai Peninsula]].<ref name="10TAGpgA-1">10 Tactical Air Group: ''Canadian Contingent Multinational Force and Observers Handbook'' (unclassified), page A-1. DND, Ottawa, 1986.</ref>

The [[African Union]] (AU) is working on building an African Peace and Security Architecture that fulfils the mandate to enforce peace and security on the continent. In cases of [[genocide]] or other serious human rights violations, an AU-mission could be launched even against the wishes of the government of the country concerned, as long as it is approved by the AU General Assembly. The establishment of the African Peace and Security Architecture (APSA) which includes the African Standby Force (ASF) is planned earliest for 2015.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dandc.eu/en/article/african-peace-and-security-architecture-already-proving-useful-even-though-it-still-work |title=The African Peace and Security Architecture is already proving useful even though it is still work in progress |publisher=dandc.eu |date=August 27, 2013 |access-date=November 14, 2013}}</ref> On the regional level, the [[Economic Community of West African States]] has initiated several peacekeeping missions in some of its member states, and it has been described as "Africa's most advanced regional peace and security mechanism".<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Oni|first1=Cyril I.|date=2009|journal=African Security|volume=2|pages=119–135|doi=10.1080/19362200903361945|title=Economic Community of West African States on the Ground: Comparing Peacekeeping in Liberia, Sierra Leone, Guinea Bissau, and Côte D'Ivoire|issue=2–3|doi-access=free}}</ref>

Unarmed Civilian Peacekeeping (UCP) are civilian personnel that carry out non-violent, non-interventionist and impartial set of tactics in order to protect civilians in conflict zones from violence in addition to supporting additional efforts to build a lasting peace. While the term UCP is not entirely ubiquitous among non-governmental agencies (NGOs) in the field: many utilize similar techniques and desire shared outcomes for peace; such as accompaniment, presence, rumour control, community security meetings, the securing of safe passage, and monitoring.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Rachel|first1=Julian|last2=Schweitzer|first2=Christine|date=2015|title=The Origins And Development of Unarmed Civilian Peacekeeping|url=http://eprints.leedsbeckett.ac.uk/1764/5/Origins%20and%20Development%20of%20UCP%20Submitted.pdf|journal=Peace Review|volume=27|issue=1|pages=1–8|doi=10.1080/10402659.2015.1000181|s2cid=144911738}}</ref>