Editing Particle physics (section)

=== Antiparticles and color charge ===
{{Main|Antiparticle|Color charge}}

Most aforementioned particles have corresponding [[antiparticle]]s, which compose [[antimatter]]. Normal particles have positive [[Lepton number|lepton]] or [[baryon number]], and antiparticles have these numbers negative.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Tsan |first=Ung Chan |date=2013 |title=Mass, Matter, Materialization, Mattergenesis and Conservation of Charge |journal=International Journal of Modern Physics E |volume=22 |issue=5 |page=1350027 |bibcode=2013IJMPE..2250027T |doi=10.1142/S0218301313500274 |quote=Matter conservation means conservation of baryonic number ''A'' and leptonic number ''L'', ''A'' and ''L'' being algebraic numbers. Positive ''A'' and ''L'' are associated to matter particles, negative ''A'' and ''L'' are associated to antimatter particles. All known interactions do conserve matter.}}</ref> Most properties of corresponding antiparticles and particles are the same, with a few gets reversed; the electron's antiparticle, positron, has an opposite charge. To differentiate between antiparticles and particles, a plus or negative sign is added in [[superscript]]. For example, the electron and the positron are denoted {{Subatomic particle|Electron}} and {{Subatomic particle|positron}}.<ref name="raith">{{cite book |last1=Raith |first1=W. |title=Constituents of Matter: Atoms, Molecules, Nuclei and Particles |last2=Mulvey |first2=T. |publisher=[[CRC Press]] |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-8493-1202-1 |pages=777–781}}</ref> However, in the case that the particle has a charge of 0 (equal to that of the antiparticle), the antiparticle is denoted with a line above the symbol. As such, an electron neutrino is {{Math|{{Subatomic Particle|Electron Neutrino}}}}, whereas its antineutrino is {{Math|{{Subatomic Particle|Electron Antineutrino}}}}. When a particle and an antiparticle interact with each other, they are [[Annihilation|annihilated]] and convert to other particles.<ref>{{cite web |title=Antimatter |url=http://www.lbl.gov/abc/Antimatter.html |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080823180515/http://www.lbl.gov/abc/Antimatter.html |archive-date=23 August 2008 |access-date=3 September 2008 |publisher=[[Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory]]}}</ref> Some particles, such as the photon or gluon, have no antiparticles.{{Citation needed|date=July 2022}}

Quarks and gluons additionally have color charges, which influences the strong interaction. Quark's color charges are called red, green and blue (though the particle itself have no physical color), and in antiquarks are called antired, antigreen and antiblue.<ref name="R. Nave"/> The gluon can have [[Gluon|eight color charges]], which are the result of quarks' interactions to form composite particles (gauge symmetry [[SU(3)]]).<ref name="PeskinSchroeder">Part III of {{cite book |last1=Peskin |first1=M. E. |url=https://archive.org/details/introductiontoqu0000pesk |title=An Introduction to Quantum Field Theory |last2=Schroeder |first2=D. V. |publisher=[[Addison–Wesley]] |year=1995 |isbn=978-0-201-50397-5 |url-access=registration}}</ref>