Editing Pantothenic acid (section)

==Sources==

===Dietary===
Food sources of pantothenic acid include animal-sourced foods, including dairy foods and eggs.<ref name=ods/><ref name="usda">{{cite web|publisher=US Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service, Food Data Central |url=https://www.ars.usda.gov/northeast-area/beltsville-md-bhnrc/beltsville-human-nutrition-research-center/methods-and-application-of-food-composition-laboratory/mafcl-site-pages/sr-legacy-nutrient-search/ |title=Pantothenic acid ordered by nutrient content per 100 g |access-date=3 June 2020 |date= February 2020}}</ref> Potatoes, tomato products, oat-cereals, sunflower seeds, avocado are good plant sources. Mushrooms are good sources, too. Whole grains are another source of the vitamin, but milling to make white rice or white flour removes much of the pantothenic acid, as it is found in the outer layers of whole grains.<ref name="ods" /><ref name="DRItext" /> In animal feeds, the most important sources are alfalfa, cereal, fish meal, peanut meal, molasses, rice bran, wheat bran, and yeasts.<ref name=Combs2007 />

===Supplements===
[[Dietary supplements]] of pantothenic acid commonly use [[pantothenol]] (or ''panthenol''), a [[Shelf-stable food|shelf-stable]] [[Functional analog (chemistry)|analog]], which is converted to pantothenic acid once consumed.<ref name=lpi/> Calcium pantothenate &ndash; a [[salt (chemistry)|salt]] &ndash; may be used in manufacturing because it is more resistant than pantothenic acid to factors that deteriorate stability, such as acid, [[alkali]] or heat.<ref name=PKIN2012Panto /><ref name=Combs2007 /> The amount of pantothenic acid in dietary supplement products may contain up to 1,000&nbsp;mg (200 times the Adequate Intake level for adults), without evidence that such large amounts provide any benefit.<ref name=lpi/><ref name=ods/> According to [[WebMD]], pantothenic acid supplements have a long list of claimed uses, but there is insufficient scientific evidence to support any of them.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-853/pantothenic-acid-vitamin-b5 |title=Pantothenic acid (Vitamin B5) |date= 2018 |website=WebMD |access-date=22 June 2020}}</ref>

As a dietary supplement, pantothenic acid is not the same as [[pantethine]], which is composed of two pantothenic acid molecules linked by a [[disulfide]] bridge.<ref name=lpi/> Sold as a high-dose supplement (600&nbsp;mg), pantethine may be effective for lowering blood levels of [[LDL cholesterol]] &ndash; a [[Risk factor (epidemiology)|risk factor]] for cardiovascular diseases &ndash; but its long-term effects are unknown, so use should be supervised by a physician.<ref name=lpi/> Dietary supplementation with pantothenic acid does not have the cholesterol-lowering effect as pantethine.<ref name=PKIN2012Panto />

===Fortification===
According to the Global Fortification Data Exchange, pantothenic acid deficiency is so rare that no countries require that foods be fortified.<ref name=Map>{{cite web|url=https://fortificationdata.org/map-number-of-nutrients/|title=Map: Count of Nutrients In Fortification Standards|website=Global Fortification Data Exchange|access-date=30 April 2019}}</ref>