Editing Paektu Mountain (section)

=== Millennium eruption ===
{{Main|946 eruption of Paektu Mountain}}

The mountain's caldera was created in 946 by the colossal ([[Volcanic Explosivity Index|VEI]] 6)<ref>{{Cite web |title=Global Volcanism Program {{!}} Changbaishan |url=https://volcano.si.edu/volcano.cfm?vn=305060 |access-date=6 February 2023 |website=Smithsonian Institution {{!}} Global Volcanism Program |language=en}}</ref> [[946 eruption of Paektu Mountain|"Millennium"]] or "Tianchi" eruption, one of the most powerful eruptions in the last 5,000 years, comparable to the [[Hatepe eruption|230 CE eruption of Lake Taupō]] and the [[1815 eruption of Mount Tambora]].<ref name=":0">{{cite journal |last1=Pan |first1=Bo |last2=Xu |first2=Jiandong |year=2013 |title=Climatic impact of the Millennium eruption of Changbaishan volcano in China: New insights from high-precision radiocarbon wiggle-match dating |journal=Geophysical Research Letters |volume=40 |issue=1 |pages=54–59 |doi=10.1029/2012GL054246 |bibcode=2013GeoRL..40...54X |url=http://academiccommons.columbia.edu/download/fedora_content/download/ac:162055/CONTENT/XU_et_al_2013_GRL.pdf |doi-access=free}}</ref> The eruption, whose [[tephra]] has been found in the southern part of [[Hokkaidō]], Japan, and as far away as Greenland,<ref>{{Cite journal |title=Timing and climate forcing of volcanic eruptions for the past 2,500 years |last1=Sigl |first1=M. |last2=Winstrup |first2=M. |last3=McConnell |first3=J. R. |last4=Welten |first4=K. C. |last5=Plunkett |first5=G. |last6=Ludlow |first6=F. |last7=Büntgen |first7=U. |last8=Caffee |first8=M. |last9=Chellman |first9=N.|last10=Dahl-Jensen|first10=D. |last11=Fischer |first11=H. |last12=Kipfstuhl |first12=S. |last13=Kostick |first13=C. |last14=Maselli |first14=O. J. |last15=Mekhaldi |first15=F. |last16=Mulvaney |first16=R. |last17=Muscheler |first17=R. |last18=Pasteris |first18=D. R. |last19=Pilcher |first19=J. R.|last20=Salzer|first20=M. |last21=Schüpbach |first21=S. |last22=Steffensen |first22=J. P. |last23=Vinther |first23=B. M. |last24=Woodruff |first24=T. E. |year=2015 |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |doi=10.1038/nature14565 |volume=523 |issue=7562 |pages=543–549 |pmid=26153860 |bibcode=2015Natur.523..543S |s2cid=4462058 |url=https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/timing-and-climate-forcing-of-volcanic-eruptions-for-the-past-250 |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers]]}}</ref> destroyed much of the volcano's summit, leaving a caldera that today is filled by [[Heaven Lake]].

According to the Korean historical record ''[[Goryeosa]]'', in 946 "thunders from heaven's drum" were heard in the city of [[Kaesong]], then the capital of Goryeo, about {{cvt|450|km}} south of the volcano.<ref name=":1">{{Cite journal |last1=Hayakawa |first1=Yukio |last2=Koyama |first2=Masato |year=1998 |script-title=ja:日本海をはさんで10世紀に相次いで起こった二つの大噴火の年月日 : 十和田湖と白頭山 |title=Nihonkai o hasande 10 seiki ni aitsuide okotta futatsu no dai funka no nengappi: Towadako to hakutōsan |trans-title=Dates of two major eruptions that occurred one after another in the 10th century across the Sea of Japan: Lake Towada and Mt. Baekdu |language=ja |url=https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/kazan/43/5/43_KJ00001052601/_article/-char/ja/ |journal=Volcano |volume=43 |issue=5 |pages=403–407 |doi=10.18940/kazan.43.5_403 |doi-access=free}}</ref> The event reportedly terrified [[Jeongjong of Joseon|King Jeongjong]] so much, that convicts were pardoned and set free.<ref name=":1" /> According to the Heungboksa Temple's historical records, on 3 November, "white ash rain" fell in [[Nara (city)|Nara]], Japan, about {{cvt|1100|km}} southeast from the mountain<ref name=":1" /> Three months later, on 7 February 947, explosive noises were reported in the city of Kyoto (Japan), about {{cvt|1000|km}} southeast of Paektu.<ref name=":1" />