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===Basic principles of astronomy=== [[Outline of astronomy|Astronomy]] β [[science]] of celestial bodies and their interactions in space. Its studies include the following: * The life and characteristics of [[stars]] and [[galaxies]] * Origins of the universe. Physical science uses the [[Big Bang]] theory as the commonly accepted scientific theory of the origin of the universe. * A [[heliocentric]] Solar System. Ancient cultures saw the Earth as the centre of the Solar System or universe (geocentrism). In the 16th century, Nicolaus [[Copernicus]] advanced the ideas of heliocentrism, recognizing the Sun as the centre of the Solar System. * The structure of [[planetary system|solar system]]s, [[planet]]s, [[comet]]s, [[asteroid]]s, and [[meteor]]s * The shape and structure of Earth (roughly spherical, see also [[Spherical Earth]]) * Earth in the Solar System * Time measurement * The composition and features of the [[Moon]] * Interactions of the Earth and Moon (Note: Astronomy should not be confused with [[astrology]], which assumes<ref>{{Cite web |url= http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/about-us/145-people-in-astronomy/careers-in-astronomy/general-questions/899-what-s-the-difference-between-astronomy-and-astrology-beginner |title=What's the difference between astronomy and astrology? (Beginner) β Curious About Astronomy? Ask an Astronomer|last=Scharringhausen|first=Britt| website= curious.astro.cornell.edu |language=en-gb|access-date=2017-05-27}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|date=July 14, 2014|title=Astrology vs Astronomy: What's the Difference?|first =Maria|last = Temming|url=https://www.skyandtelescope.com/astronomy-resources/whats-difference-astrology-vs-astronomy/|work = Sky & Telescope}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.etymonline.com/word/astrology |title=astrology {{!}} Origin and meaning of astrology by Online Etymology Dictionary|website= www.etymonline.com |access-date=2017-10-17}}</ref> that people's destiny and human affairs in general correlate to the apparent positions of astronomical objects in the sky β although the two fields share a common origin, they are quite different; astronomers embrace the [[scientific method]], while astrologers do not.)
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