Editing Ottoman Turks (section)

===Calligraphy===
Because [[Islam]] is a monotheistic religion that focuses heavily on learning the central text of the [[Quran]] and Islamic culture has historically tended towards [[Aniconism in Islam|discouraging or prohibiting figurative art]], calligraphy became one of the foremost of the arts. 

The early Yâkût period was supplanted in the late 15th century by a new style pioneered by [[Sheikh Hamdullah|Şeyh Hamdullah]] (1429–1520), which became the basis for Ottoman calligraphy, focusing on the [[Nesih]] version of the script, which became the standard for copying the Quran (see [[Islamic calligraphy]]).

The next great change in Ottoman calligraphy came from the style of [[Hâfiz Osman]] (1642–1698), whose rigorous and simplified style found favour with an empire at its peak of territorial extent and governmental burdens. 

The late calligraphic style of the Ottomans was created by [[Mustafa Râkim]] (1757–1826) as an extension and reform of Osman's style, placing greater emphasis on technical perfection, which broadened the calligraphic art to encompass the [[Thuluth|sülüs]] script as well as the Nesih script.