Editing Organ (biology) (section)

===Organ transplants===
Beginning in the 20th century,<ref name="Organ Gov">{{Cite web |title=Timeline of Historical Events and Significant Milestones |url=https://www.organdonor.gov/about/facts-terms/history.html |access-date=19 March 2019 |website=Organ Donor Government Web |archive-date=19 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190119164138/https://www.organdonor.gov/about/facts-terms/history.html |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Organ transplantation|organ transplants]] began to take place as scientists knew more about the anatomy of organs. These came later in time as procedures were often dangerous and difficult.<ref>{{Cite web |title=transplant &#124; Definition, Types, & Rejection |url=https://www.britannica.com/science/transplant-surgery |website=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=2019-03-19 |archive-date=2019-03-27 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327170406/https://www.britannica.com/science/transplant-surgery |url-status=live }}</ref> Both the source and method of obtaining the organ to transplant are major ethical issues to consider, and because organs as resources for transplant are always more limited than demand for them, various notions of justice, including [[distributive justice]], are developed in the ethical analysis. This situation continues as long as transplantation relies upon organ donors rather than technological innovation, testing, and industrial manufacturing.{{Citation needed|date=May 2021}}

Animal donor organs and tissue have been subjects of study since the 1960s, and some xenotransplant tissues, particularly heart valves, have been commonly utilized. Xenotransplant has the potential to address the critical shortage in organ grafts. The science behind [xenotransplant] trials has advanced considerably and more human clinical trials utilizing porcine xenografts are quickly approaching. <ref name="Xenotransplantation">{{Cite journal |last1=Carrier |first1=A. N. |last2=Verma |first2=A. |last3=Mohiuddin |first3=M. |last4=Pascual |first4=M. |last5=Muller |first5=Y. D. |last6=Longchamp |first6=A. |last7=Bhati |first7=C. |last8=Buhler |first8=L. H. |last9=Maluf |first9=D. G. |last10=Meier |first10=R. P. H. |title=Xenotransplantation: A New Era |journal=Frontiers in Immunology |date=2022 |volume=13 |pages=900594 |doi=10.3389/fimmu.2022.900594 |doi-access=free |pmid=35757701 |pmc=9218200 }}{{Creative Commons text attribution notice|cc=by4|from this source=yes}}</ref>