Editing Orchestration (section)

===Haydn===
Joseph [[Haydn]] was a pioneer of symphonic form, but he was also a pioneer of orchestration.  In the minuet of [[Symphony No. 97 (Haydn)|Symphony No. 97]], "we can see why [[Rimsky-Korsakov]] declared Haydn to be the greatest of all masters of orchestration. The oom-pah-pah of a German dance band is rendered with the utmost refinement, amazingly by kettledrums and trumpets pianissimo, and the rustic ''[[glissando]]''… is given a finicky elegance by the grace notes in the horns as well as by the doubling of the melody an octave higher with the solo violin.  These details are not intended to blend, but to be set in relief; they are individually exquisite."<ref>Rosen, C. (1971, pp. 342–3) The Classical Style. London, Faber.</ref>[[File:Haydn, Symphony 97, third movement, bars 109-116.wav|thumb|Haydn, Symphony 97, third movement, bars 109-118]][[File:Haydn, Symphony 97, third movement, bars 109-117.png|thumb|center|500px]][[File:Haydn, Symphony 97, third movement, bars 109-118.png|thumb|center|500px|Haydn, Symphony 97, third movement, bars 109-118]] Another example of Haydn's imagination and ingenuity that shows how well he understood how orchestration can support harmony may be found in the concluding bars of the second movement of his [[Symphony No. 94 (Haydn)|Symphony No. 94]] (the "Surprise Symphony".)  Here, the oboes and bassoons take over the theme, while sustained chords in the strings accompany it with "soft, but very dissonant harmony. "<ref>Taruskin, R. (2010, p. 573) The Oxford History of Western Music: Music in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries.  Oxford University Press.</ref> Flute, Horns and timpani add to the mix, all contributing to the "air of uncanny poignancy" that characterises this atmospheric conclusion.<ref>Taruskin, R. (2010, p. 573) The Oxford History of Western Music: Music in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries.  Oxford University Press.</ref> [[File:Haydn, Symphony 94, second movement bars 150-156.wav|thumb|Haydn, Symphony 94, second movement bars 143-156]][[File:Haydn, Symphony 94, second movement bars 150-157.png|thumb|center|500px]][[File:Haydn, Symphony 94, second movement bars 150-158.png|thumb|center|500px|Haydn, Symphony 94, second movement bars 143-156]]