Editing Ohio (section)

===Statehood and early years===
{{Main|Admission to the Union|List of U.S. states by date of admission to the Union}}

On February 19, 1803, U.S. president [[Thomas Jefferson]] signed an act of Congress that approved Ohio's boundaries and constitution.<ref>An act to provide for the due execution of the laws of the United States, within the state of Ohio, ch. 7, {{USStat|2|201}} (February 19, 1803).</ref> But Congress had not passed a formal resolution admitting Ohio as the 17th state. Although no formal resolution of admission was required, when the oversight was discovered in 1953, as Ohio began preparations for celebrating its sesquicentennial, Ohio congressman [[George H. Bender]] introduced a bill in Congress to admit Ohio to the Union retroactive to March 1, 1803, the date on which the [[Ohio General Assembly]] first convened.<ref name="Blue" /> At a special session at the old state capital in [[Chillicothe, Ohio|Chillicothe]], the Ohio state legislature approved a new petition for statehood, which was delivered to [[Washington, D.C.]], on horseback, and approved that August.<ref name="Blue">{{cite journal |last=Blue |first=Frederick J. |title=The Date of Ohio Statehood |journal=Ohio Academy of History Newsletter |date=Autumn 2002 |url=http://www2.uakron.edu/OAH/newsletter/newsletter/Autumn2002/features.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100911164131/http://www2.uakron.edu/OAH/newsletter/newsletter/Autumn2002/features.html |archive-date=September 11, 2010}}</ref><ref>Joint Resolution for admitting the State of Ohio into the Union, ({{USStatute|83|204|67|407|1953|08|07}}).</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thegreenpapers.com/slg/explanation-ohio-statehood.phtml|title=Clearing up the Confusion surrounding OHIO's Admission to Statehood|access-date=October 30, 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091017120249/http://www.thegreenpapers.com/slg/explanation-ohio-statehood.phtml|archive-date=October 17, 2009|url-status=live}}</ref>

Ohio has had three capital cities: Chillicothe, [[Zanesville, Ohio|Zanesville]], and [[Columbus, Ohio|Columbus]]. Chillicothe was the capital from 1803 to 1810. The capital was then moved to Zanesville for two years as part of a state legislative compromise to get a bill passed. The capital was then moved back to Chillicothe from 1812 to 1816. Finally, the capital was moved to Columbus, to be near the state's geographic center.

[[File:Battle erie.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Battle of Lake Erie]]'' by [[William Henry Powell]]]]

Although many Native Americans migrated west to evade American encroachment, others remained in the state, sometimes assimilating in part. Starting around 1809, the [[Shawnee]] pressed resistance to encroachment again. Under Chief [[Tecumseh]], [[Tecumseh's War]] officially began in Ohio in 1811. When the [[War of 1812]] began, the British decided to attack from [[Upper Canada]] into Ohio and merge their forces with the Shawnee. This continued until Tecumseh was killed at the [[Battle of the Thames]] in 1813. Most of the Shawnee, excluding the [[Pekowi]] in Southwest Ohio, were forcibly moved west.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://schoolworkhelper.net/the-shawnee-tribe-war-of-1812/|title=The Shawnee Tribe & War of 1812|access-date=February 25, 2022|archive-date=February 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225181201/https://schoolworkhelper.net/the-shawnee-tribe-war-of-1812/|url-status=live}}</ref> Ohio played a [[Ohio in the War of 1812|key role]] in the War of 1812, as it was on the front line in the Western theater and the scene of several notable battles both on land and in [[Lake Erie]]. On September 10, 1813, the [[Battle of Lake Erie]], one of the major battles, took place near [[Put-in-Bay, Ohio]]. The British eventually surrendered to [[Oliver Hazard Perry]].

Ultimately, after the U.S. government used the [[Indian Removal Act of 1830]] to force countless Native American tribes on the [[Trail of Tears]], where all the southern states except for [[Florida]] were emptied of Native peoples, the government panicked because most tribes did not want to be forced out of their own lands. Fearing further wars between Native tribes and American settlers, they pushed all remaining Native tribes in the East to migrate west against their will, including all remaining tribes in Ohio.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Stockwell |first1=Mary |title=The Other Trail of Tears: The Removal of the Ohio Indians |date=2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://sites.google.com/a/lanepl.org/columns-by-jim-blount/home/2017-articles/what-happened-to-indians-that-once-inhabited-ohio|title=What happened to Indians that once inhabited Ohio? - Columns by Jim Blount|access-date=February 25, 2022|archive-date=February 25, 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225181159/https://sites.google.com/a/lanepl.org/columns-by-jim-blount/home/2017-articles/what-happened-to-indians-that-once-inhabited-ohio|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1835, Ohio fought with the [[Michigan Territory]] in the [[Toledo War]], a mostly bloodless boundary war over the Toledo Strip. Only one person was injured in the conflict. Congress intervened, making [[Michigan]]'s admittance as a state conditional on ending the conflict. In exchange for giving up its claim to the Toledo Strip, Michigan was given the western two-thirds of the [[Upper Peninsula of Michigan|Upper Peninsula]], in addition to the eastern third, which was already considered part of the territory.