Editing Oak Ridge National Laboratory (section)

===Neutron science===
There are two neutron sources at ORNL; the [[High Flux Isotope Reactor]] (HFIR) and the [[Spallation Neutron Source]] (SNS). HFIR provides neutrons in a stable beam resulting from a constant [[research reactor|nuclear reaction]] whereas SNS, a particle accelerator, produces pulses of neutrons.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://neutrons.ornl.gov/about/ |title=Neutrons at ORNL |publisher=Oak Ridge National Laboratory |access-date=January 21, 2013}}</ref><ref name="ORELA">{{Cite web |url=http://www.phy.ornl.gov/nuclear/orela/ |title=The Oak Ridge Electron Linear Accelerator Pulsed Neutron Source |last=Koehler |first=P. E. |publisher=Oak Ridge National Laboratory |access-date=January 21, 2013}}</ref> HFIR went [[Critical mass|critical]] in 1965 and has been used for materials research and as a major source of medical radioisotopes since.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://neutrons.ornl.gov/facilities/HFIR/ |title=The High Flux Isotope Reactor at ORNL |publisher=Oak Ridge National Laboratory |access-date=January 21, 2013}}</ref> As of 2013, HFIR provides the world's highest constant [[neutron flux]] as a result of various upgrades.<ref name=neutrev/> [[Berkelium]]-249, used to synthesize [[tennessine]] for the first time, was produced in the HFIR as part of an international effort.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.ornl.gov/ornlhome/news_items/news_100407.shtml |title=International team discovers element 117 |last=Cabage |first=Bill |publisher=Oak Ridge National Laboratory |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121214052516/http://www.ornl.gov/ornlhome/news_items/news_100407.shtml |archive-date=December 14, 2012 |access-date=January 22, 2013 }}</ref> HFIR is likely to operate until approximately 2060 before the [[reactor pressure vessel]] is considered unsafe for continued use.<ref name="knoxhfir">{{Cite web |last=Munger |first=Frank |date=May 8, 2012 |title=ORNL's High Flux Isotope Reactor may be last reactor to convert to low-enriched fuel |url=http://blogs.knoxnews.com/munger/2012/05/will-ornls-high-flux-isotope-r.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130416040110/http://blogs.knoxnews.com/munger/2012/05/will-ornls-high-flux-isotope-r.html |archive-date=April 16, 2013 |access-date=January 21, 2013 |publisher=Knox News}}</ref>

The SNS has the highest intensity neutron pulses of any human-made neutron source.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://neutrons.ornl.gov/facilities/SNS/ |title=Spallation Neutron Source |publisher=Oak Ridge National Laboratory |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130126010612/http://neutrons.ornl.gov/facilities/SNS/ |archive-date=January 26, 2013 |access-date=January 22, 2013 }}</ref> SNS was made operational in 2006 and has since been upgraded to 1&nbsp;megawatt with plans to continue up to 3&nbsp;MW.<ref name="neutrev">{{Cite web |url=http://neutrons.ornl.gov/media/pubs/pdf/2010neutronreview.pdf |title=Neutron Review |date=April 2011 |publisher=Oak Ridge National Laboratory |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141016153020/http://neutrons.ornl.gov/media/pubs/pdf/2010neutronreview.pdf |archive-date=October 16, 2014 |access-date=January 22, 2013}}</ref> High-power neutron pulses permit clearer images of the targets, meaning smaller samples can be analysed and accurate results require fewer pulses.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/09/090929181816.htm |title=Spallation Neutron Source First of Its Kind To Reach Megawatt Power |date=October 1, 2009 |website=Science Daily |access-date=January 22, 2013}}</ref>