Editing Nueva canción (section)

===Spain and Catalonia: ''Nova Cançó''===
{{main|Nova Cançó}}

The Nova Cançó was an artistic movement of the late 1950s that promoted Catalan music in [[Francoist Spain]]. The movement sought to normalize use of the [[Catalan language]] after public use of the language was forbidden when [[Catalonia]] fell in the Spanish Civil War. Artists used the Catalan language to assert Catalan identity in popular music and denounce the injustices of the Franco regime. Musically, it had roots in the French [[Chanson]].<ref name="pujado">{{cite book |last1=Pujadó |first1=Miquel |title=Diccionari de la Cançó. D'Els Setze Jutges al Rock Català |date=2000 |publisher=Enciclopèdia catalana |location=Barcelona |isbn=8441204675 |pages=52–55 |language=ca}}</ref>

In 1957, the writer [[Josep Maria Espinàs]] gave lectures on the French singer-songwriter [[Georges Brassens]], whom he called "the troubadour of our times." Espinàs had begun to translate some of Brassens' songs into Catalan. In 1958, two EPs of songs in Catalan were released: ''Hermanas Serrano cantan en catalán los éxitos internacionales'' ("The Serrano Sisters Sing International Hits in Catalan")<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pujadó |first1=Miquel |title=Diccionari de la Cançó: D'Els Setze Jutges al Rock Català |date=2000 |publisher=Enciclopèdia catalana |location=Barcelona |isbn=84-412-0467-5 |page=260|language=ca}}</ref> and ''José Guardiola: canta en catalán los éxitos internationales''. They are now considered the first recordings of modern music in the Catalan language.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Jurado |first1=Miquel |title=José Guardiola, la voz que desafió la oscuridad franquista |url=https://elpais.com/cultura/2012/04/09/actualidad/1333995682_867585.html |access-date=4 November 2018 |newspaper=El País |date=12 April 2012|language=es}}</ref> These singers, as well as others such as Font Sellabona and Rudy Ventura, form a prelude to the Nova Cançó.<ref name="decastro">{{cite book |editor-last1=De Castro |editor-first1=Javier  |title=́Ens calen cançons d ́ara ́. Retrospectiva sobre la Nova Cançó a 50 anys vista |date=2010 |publisher=Universitat de Lleida |isbn=9788484094418 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D5_oRoInzI4C&q=Font+Sellabona+and+Rudy+Ventura&pg=PA30}}</ref>

At the suggestion of Josep Benet i de Joan and Maurici Serrahima, a group composed of Jaume Armengol, Lluís Serrahima and Miquel Porter started composing Catalan songs.<ref name="decastro"/> In 1959, after an article by Lluís Serrahima, titled "Ens calen cançons d’ara" ("We need songs for today"), was published in ''Germinàbit'', more authors and singers were attracted to the movement.<ref name="decastro"/> Miquel Porter, Josep Maria Espinàs and Remei Margarit founded the group ''Els Setze Jutges'' (The Sixteen Judges, in Catalan). Their first concert, although still not with this name, was on 19 December 1961, in Barcelona. Their first performance with the name of Els Setze Jutges was in Premià de Mar in 1962.<ref name="pujado"/> New singers joined the group in the following years, until the number of sixteen (''Setze''), like [[Delfí Abella]] and [[Francesc Pi de la Serra]].<ref name="pujado"/> The first Nova Cançó records appeared in 1962, and many musical bands, vocal groups, singer-songwriters, and interpreters picked up the trend.<ref name="pujado"/>

In 1963, a professional Catalan artist, [[Salomé (singer)|Salomé]], and a Valencian, [[Raimon]], were awarded the first prize of the Fifth [[Mediterranean Song Festival]] with the song "Se’n va anar" ("[She] left").<ref>{{cite book |last1=Pujadó |first1=Miquel |title=Diccionari de la Cançó. D'Els Setze Jutges al Rock Català |date=2000 |publisher=Enciclopèdia catalana |location=Barcelona |isbn=8441204675 |page=255 |language=ca}}</ref> Other important participants in the movement included [[Guillem d'Efak]] and [[Núria Feliu]], who received the Spanish Critics' Award in 1966, or other new members of Els Setze Jutges.<ref name="pujado"/> Some of them were even well known abroad. Apart from Raimon, other former members of Els Setze Jutges continued their careers successfully, including [[Guillermina Motta]], Francesc Pi de la Serra, [[Maria del Mar Bonet]], [[Lluís Llach]] and [[Joan Manuel Serrat]]. Other significant figures appeared somewhat later, like the Valencian [[Ovidi Montllor]].