Editing Nuclear electromagnetic pulse (section)

===E2===
The E2 component is generated by scattered gamma rays and inelastic gammas produced by [[neutron]]s. This E2 component is an "intermediate time" pulse that, by IEC definition, lasts from about one microsecond to one second after the explosion. E2 has many similarities to [[lightning]], although lightning-induced E2 may be considerably larger than a nuclear E2. Because of the similarities and the widespread use of lightning protection technology, E2 is generally considered to be the easiest to protect against.{{r|empc}}

According to the United States EMP Commission, the main problem with E2 is that it immediately follows E1, which may have damaged the devices that would normally protect against E2.

The EMP Commission Executive Report of 2004 states, "In general, it would not be an issue for critical infrastructure systems since they have existing protective measures for defense against occasional lightning strikes. The most significant risk is synergistic because the E2 component follows a small fraction of a second after the first component's insult, which has the ability to impair or destroy many protective and control features. The energy associated with the second component thus may be allowed to pass into and damage systems."<ref name="empc">{{cite report |title=Report of the Commission to Assess the Threat to the United States from Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Attack: Executive Report |volume=1 |date=2004 |last1=Foster, Jr. |first1=John S. |last2=Gjelde |first2=Earl |last3=Graham |first3=William R. |last4=Hermann |first4=Robert J. |last5=Kluepfel |first5=Henry (Hank) M. |last6=Lawson |first6=Richard L. |last7=Soper |first7=Gordon K. |last8=Wood, Jr. |first8=Lowell L. |last9=Woodard |first9=Joan B. |docket=ADA48449 |publisher=Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) Commission |via=[[Defense Technical Information Center]] |df=dmy-all |url=https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA484497.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220427231453/https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA484497.pdf |archive-date=2022-04-27}}</ref>{{rp|page=6}}