Editing Norwich (section)

===Early modern period (1485–1640)===
Hand-in-hand with the wool industry, this key religious centre experienced a Reformation significantly different from that in other parts of England. The magistracy in Tudor Norwich unusually found ways of managing religious discord whilst maintaining civic harmony.{{sfn |McClendon |1999}}

[[File:John Crome 002.jpg|thumb|upright=1.6|''Mousehold Heath, Norwich'' by Norfolk-based artist [[John Crome]]]]

The summer of 1549 saw an unprecedented rebellion in Norfolk. Unlike popular challenges elsewhere in the Tudor period, it appears to have been [[Protestant]] in nature. For several weeks, rebels led by [[Robert Kett]] camped outside Norwich on [[Mousehold Heath]] and took control of the city on 29 July 1549 with the support of many of its poorer inhabitants. [[Kett's Rebellion]] was particularly in response to the enclosure of land by landlords, leaving peasants with nowhere to graze their animals, and the general abuses of power by the nobility. The uprising ended on 27 August when the rebels were defeated by an army. Kett was convicted of treason and hanged from the walls of Norwich Castle.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.britainexpress.com/History/tudor/ketts-rebellion.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708183620/https://www.britainexpress.com/History/tudor/ketts-rebellion.htm |archive-date=8 July 2019 |url-status=live |title=Kett's Rebellion, 1549 |website=Passionate about British Heritage |publisher=Britain Express |first=David |last=Ross}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/Documents/robert_ket_and_the_norfolk_risin.htm |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180913132214/http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/Documents/robert_ket_and_the_norfolk_risin.htm |archive-date=13 September 2018 |url-status=live |title=Robert Ket and the Norfolk Rising}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |first=Jon |last=McGregor |date=20 May 2019 |department=Travel |newspaper=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2019/may/20/radicalism-rebellion-and-robert-kett-a-walk-through-norwichs-history |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190708183615/https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2019/may/20/radicalism-rebellion-and-robert-kett-a-walk-through-norwichs-history |archive-date=8 July 2019 |url-status=live |title=Radicalism, rebellion and Robert Kett: a walk through Norwich's history}}</ref>

Unusually in England, the rebellion divided the city and appears to have linked Protestantism with the plight of the urban poor. In the case of Norwich, this process was underscored later by the arrival of [[Dutch people|Dutch]] and [[Flemish people|Flemish]] "[[Elizabethan Strangers|Strangers]]" fleeing persecution from the Catholics and eventually numbering as many as one-third of the city's population.{{sfn |Houlbroke |McClendon |2004 |p=257}} Large numbers of such exiles came to the city, especially Flemish Protestants from the Westkwartier ("Western Quarter"), a region in the [[Southern Netherlands]] where the first [[Calvinist]] fires of the [[Dutch Revolt]] had spread. Inhabitants of [[Ypres]], in particular, chose Norwich above other destinations.{{sfn |Fagel |2003 |p=52}} Perhaps in response to Kett, Norwich became the first provincial city to initiate compulsory payments for a civic scheme of poor relief, which it has been claimed led to its wider introduction, forming the basis of the later Elizabethan Poor Law of 1597–1598.{{sfn |Pound |2004 |pp=50–56}}

Norwich has traditionally been the home of various minorities, notably [[Flanders|Flemish]] and Belgian [[Walloons|Walloon]] communities in the 16th and 17th centuries. The great "stranger" immigration of 1567 brought a substantial Flemish and Walloon community of Protestant [[weaver (occupation)|weaver]]s to Norwich, where they are said to have been made welcome.{{sfn |Ketton-Cremer |1957}} The merchant's house which was their earliest base in the city — now a museum — is still known as [[Strangers' Hall]]. It seems that the strangers integrated into the local community without much animosity, at least among the business fraternity, who had the most to gain from their skills. Their arrival in Norwich boosted trade with mainland Europe and fostered a movement towards religious reform and radical politics in the city. By contrast, after being persecuted by the Anglican church for his [[Puritan]] beliefs, [[Michael Metcalf (puritan)|Michael Metcalf]], a 17th-century Norwich weaver, fled the city and settled in [[Dedham, Massachusetts]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=A New England Town |last=Lockridge |first=Kenneth |year=1985 |publisher=W. W. Norton & Company |location=New York |isbn=978-0-393-95459-3 |ref=arv |pages=[https://archive.org/details/newenglandtown00lock/page/57 57–58] |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/newenglandtown00lock/page/57}}</ref>

The [[Domestic Canary|Norwich Canary]] was first introduced into England by Flemings fleeing from Spanish persecution in the 16th century. Along with their advanced techniques in textile working, they brought pet canaries, which they began to breed locally, eventually becoming in the 20th century a mascot of the city and the emblem of its football club, [[Norwich City F.C.]]: "The Canaries". Printing was introduced to the city in 1567 by Anthony de Solempne, one of the strangers, but it did not take root and had died out by about 1572.{{sfn |Stoker |1981}} Norwich's [[coat of arms]] was first recorded in 1562. It is described as: ''Gules a Castle triple-towered and domed Argent in base a Lion passant guardant [or Leopard] Or.'' The castle is supposed to represent Norwich Castle and the lion, taken from the [[Royal Arms of England]], may have been granted by King [[Edward III of England|Edward III]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.civicheraldry.co.uk/east_of_england.html |title=East of England |publisher=Civic Heraldry of England and Wales |access-date=7 September 2022}}</ref>