Editing Non-coding DNA (section)

===Untranslated regions===
{{Main|Untranslated region}}

The standard biochemistry and molecular biology textbooks describe non-coding [[Nucleotide|nucleotides]] in mRNA located between the 5' end of the gene and the translation initiation codon. These regions are called 5'-untranslated regions or 5'-UTRs. Similar regions called 3'-untranslated regions (3'-UTRs) are found at the end of the gene. The 5'-UTRs and 3'UTRs are very short in bacteria but they can be several hundred nucleotides in length in eukaryotes. They contain short elements that control the initiation of translation (5'-UTRs) and transcription termination (3'-UTRs) as well as regulatory elements that may control mRNA stability, processing, and targeting to different regions of the cell.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Alberts B, Bray D, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Watson JD | date = 1994 | title = Molecular Biology of the Cell, 3rd edition | publisher = Garland Publishing Inc. | place = London, UK}}{{page needed|date=June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | vauthors = Lewin B | date = 2004 | title = Genes VIII | publisher = Pearson/Prentice Hall | place = Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA}}{{page needed|date=June 2022}}</ref><ref>{{ cite book | vauthors = Moran L, Horton HR, Scrimgeour KG, Perry MD | date = 2012 | title = Principles of Biochemistry Fifth Edition | publisher = Pearson | place = Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA}}{{page needed|date=June 2022}}</ref>