Editing Nomad (section)

====Origins====
Nomadic pastoralism seems to have developed first as a part of the [[secondary products revolution|secondary-products revolution]] proposed by [[Andrew Sherratt]], in which early [[Neolithic|pre-pottery Neolithic]] cultures that had used animals as live meat ("on the hoof") also began using animals for their secondary products, for example: [[milk]] and its associated [[dairy products]], [[wool]] and other animal hair, hides (and consequently [[leather]]), [[manure]] (for [[fuel]] and [[fertilizer]]), and traction.{{Citation needed|date=January 2018}}

The first nomadic pastoral society developed in the period from 8,500 to 6,500 BCE in the area of the southern [[Levant]].<ref>{{Cite journal|last1= Ning|first1= Shi|last2= Dupont|first2= Lydie M.|date= June 1997|title= Vegetation and climatic history of southwest Africa: A marine palynological record of the last 300,000 years|journal=Vegetation History and Archaeobotany|volume= 6|issue= 2|pages= 117–131|doi= 10.1007/bf01261959|bibcode= 1997VegHA...6..117N|s2cid= 129710387|issn= 0939-6314}}</ref> There, during a period of increasing aridity, [[Pre-Pottery Neolithic B]] (PPNB) cultures in the [[Sinai Peninsula|Sinai]] were replaced by a nomadic, pastoral pottery-using culture, which seems to have been a cultural fusion between them and a newly-arrived [[Mesolithic]] people from Egypt (the [[Harifian]] culture), adopting their nomadic hunting lifestyle to the raising of stock.<ref name=autogenerated1>{{Cite web |url=http://anthro.palomar.edu/subsistence/sub_3.htm |title=Patterns of Subsistence: Pastoralism |access-date=2008-09-10 |archive-date=2016-02-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203223113/http://anthro.palomar.edu/subsistence/sub_3.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref>

This lifestyle quickly developed into what Jaris Yurins has called the circum-[[Arabs|Arabian]] nomadic pastoral techno-complex and is possibly associated with the appearance of [[Semitic languages]] in the region of the [[Ancient Near East]]. The rapid spread of such nomadic pastoralism was typical of such later developments as of the [[Yamnaya]] culture of the [[Eurasian nomads|horse and cattle nomads of the Eurasian steppe]] ({{circa}} 3300–2600 BCE), and of the [[Mongol]] spread in the later [[Middle Ages]].<ref name=autogenerated1 />

Yamnaya [[Western Steppe Herders|steppe pastoralists]] from the [[Pontic–Caspian steppe]], who were among the first to master [[Equestrianism|horseback riding]], played a key role in [[Indo-European migrations]] and in the spread of [[Indo-European languages]] across Eurasia.<ref>{{cite journal |last1= Gibbons |first1= Ann |title= Thousands of horsemen may have swept into Bronze Age Europe, transforming the local population |journal= Science |date= 21 February 2017 |url= https://www.science.org/content/article/thousands-horsemen-may-have-swept-bronze-age-europe-transforming-local-population |access-date= 29 October 2022 |archive-date= 25 September 2022 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20220925154535/https://www.science.org/content/article/thousands-horsemen-may-have-swept-bronze-age-europe-transforming-local-population |url-status= live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |first=Andrew |last=Curry |title=The first Europeans weren't who you might think |url=https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/first-europeans-immigrants-genetic-testing-feature |work=National Geographic |date=August 2019 |access-date=2022-10-29 |archive-date=2023-03-06 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230306235330/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/first-europeans-immigrants-genetic-testing-feature |url-status=dead }}</ref>

[[Trekboer]]s in southern Africa adopted nomadism from the 17th century.<ref>
{{cite book
| last1 = Fouché
| first1 = Leo
| year = 1936
| chapter = V: Foundation of the Cape Colony, 1652–1708
| editor1-last = Walker
| editor1-first = Eric Anderson
| editor1-link = Eric A. Walker (historian)
| title = The Cambridge History of the British Empire
| chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=ISg9AAAAIAAJ
| volume = VIII: South Africa, Rhodesia and the Protectorates
| location = Cambridge
| publisher = CUP Archive
| publication-date = 1963
| page = 136
| access-date = 2016-11-16
| quote = [...] [[Simon van der Stel|van der Stel]] recognised the roving tendency among the colonists and tried to arrest it. A proclamation of 1692 illustrated his fears: it stated that colonists were making a living by grazing cattle and bartering in the interior [...]. This seems clear proof that the ''trekboer'', as a distinct type, was coming into existence during the time of van der Stel. [...] Generation after generation of these hardy and self-reliant nomads pushed the frontiers of civilisation further into the wilderness.
}}
</ref>
Some elements of [[gaucho]] culture in colonial South America also re-invented nomadic lifestyles.<ref>{{cite book
 |last1             = Slatta
 |first1            = Richard W.
 |date              = 1 January 1992
 |title             = Gauchos and the Vanishing Frontier
 |url               = https://books.google.com/books?id=tWN1W5DHIvcC
 |edition           = reprint
 |publication-place = Lincoln
 |publisher         = University of Nebraska Press
 |page              = 189
 |isbn              = 9780803292154
 |access-date       = 23 April 2023
 |quote             = [...] the early nineteenth century witnessed 'the nomad ''gaucho'' of the colonial period converted into the loyal ''gaucho'' of the ''estancia''.'
 |archive-date      = 23 April 2023
 |archive-url       = https://web.archive.org/web/20230423055443/https://books.google.com/books?id=tWN1W5DHIvcC
 |url-status        = live
}}</ref>