Editing Nicotine (section)

==Contraindications==
Nicotine use for tobacco cessation has few contraindications.<ref name="nrt_safety">{{cite journal | vauthors = Little MA, Ebbert JO | title = The safety of treatments for tobacco use disorder | journal = Expert Opinion on Drug Safety | volume = 15 | issue = 3 | pages = 333–41 | date = 2016 | pmid = 26715118 | doi = 10.1517/14740338.2016.1131817 | s2cid = 12064318 }}</ref>

It is not known whether nicotine replacement therapy is effective for smoking cessation in adolescents, as of 2014.<ref name="pharmacotherapy">{{cite journal | vauthors = Aubin HJ, Luquiens A, Berlin I | title = Pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation: pharmacological principles and clinical practice | journal = British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology | volume = 77 | issue = 2 | pages = 324–36 | date = February 2014 | pmid = 23488726 | pmc = 4014023 | doi = 10.1111/bcp.12116 }}</ref> It is therefore not recommended to adolescents.<ref name="adolescents">{{cite journal | vauthors = Bailey SR, Crew EE, Riske EC, Ammerman S, Robinson TN, Killen JD | title = Efficacy and tolerability of pharmacotherapies to aid smoking cessation in adolescents | journal = Paediatric Drugs | volume = 14 | issue = 2 | pages = 91–108 | date = April 2012 | pmid = 22248234 | pmc = 3319092 | doi = 10.2165/11594370-000000000-00000 }}</ref> It is not safe to use nicotine during pregnancy or breastfeeding, although it is safer than smoking. The desirability of NRT use in pregnancy is therefore debated.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/pdfs/Electronic-Cigarettes-Infographic-508.pdf |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/pdfs/Electronic-Cigarettes-Infographic-508.pdf |archive-date=2022-10-09 |url-status=live|title=Electronic Cigarettes – What are the health effects of using e-cigarettes?|publisher=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|date=22 February 2018|quote=Nicotine is a health danger for pregnant women and their developing babies.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bruin JE, Gerstein HC, Holloway AC | title = Long-term consequences of fetal and neonatal nicotine exposure: a critical review | journal = Toxicological Sciences | volume = 116 | issue = 2 | pages = 364–74 | date = August 2010 | pmid = 20363831 | pmc = 2905398 | doi = 10.1093/toxsci/kfq103 | quote = there is no safe dose of nicotine during pregnancy... The general consensus among clinicians is that more information is needed about the risks of NRT use during pregnancy before well-informed definitive recommendations can be made to pregnant women... Overall, the evidence provided in this review overwhelmingly indicates that nicotine should no longer be considered the ''safe'' component of cigarette smoke. In fact, many of the adverse postnatal health outcomes associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy may be attributable, at least in part, to nicotine alone. }}</ref><ref name="pregnancy_controversy">{{cite journal | vauthors = Forest S | title = Controversy and evidence about nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy | journal = MCN: The American Journal of Maternal/Child Nursing | volume = 35 | issue = 2 | pages = 89–95 | date = 1 March 2010 | pmid = 20215949 | doi = 10.1097/NMC.0b013e3181cafba4 | s2cid = 27085986 }}</ref>

Randomized trials and observational studies of nicotine replacement therapy in cardiovascular patients show no increase in adverse cardiovascular events compared to those treated with placebo.<ref name="ACC Consensus">{{cite journal | vauthors = Barua RS, Rigotti NA, Benowitz NL, Cummings KM, Jazayeri MA, Morris PB, Ratchford EV, Sarna L, Stecker EC, Wiggins BS | title = 2018 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on Tobacco Cessation Treatment: A Report of the American College of Cardiology Task Force on Clinical Expert Consensus Documents | journal = Journal of the American College of Cardiology | volume = 72 | issue = 25 | pages = 3332–3365 | date = December 2018 | pmid = 30527452 | doi = 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.10.027 | doi-access = free }}</ref> Using nicotine products during cancer treatment may be contraindicated, as nicotine may promote tumour growth, but temporary use of NRTs to quit smoking may be advised for [[harm reduction]].<ref name="carcinogenicity">{{cite journal | vauthors = Sanner T, Grimsrud TK | title = Nicotine: Carcinogenicity and Effects on Response to Cancer Treatment - A Review | journal = Frontiers in Oncology | volume = 5 | page = 196 | date = 2015 | pmid = 26380225 | pmc = 4553893 | doi = 10.3389/fonc.2015.00196 | doi-access = free }}</ref>

[[Nicotine gum]] is contraindicated in individuals with [[temporomandibular joint disease]].<ref name="Nicotine AHFS monograph" /> People with chronic nasal disorders and severe reactive airway disease require additional precautions when using nicotine nasal sprays.<ref name="adolescents"/> Nicotine in any form is [[contraindicated]] in individuals with a known [[hypersensitivity]] to nicotine.<ref name="Nicotine AHFS monograph" /><ref name="adolescents"/>