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==Examples== {{Main article|Examples of New Urbanism}} ===United States=== {{example farm|section|date=June 2024}} [[File:House in baldwin park.JPG|thumb|A [[Key West]] style house in [[Baldwin Park, Florida]]]] [[File:New Urbanism.jpg|thumb|The Pier Village community in [[Long Branch, New Jersey]] in 2009]] New Urbanism is having a growing influence on how and where metropolitan regions choose to grow. At least fourteen large-scale planning initiatives are based on the principles of linking transportation and land-use policies, and using the neighborhood as the fundamental building block of a region.{{Citation needed|date=January 2009}} [[Miami|Miami, Florida]] has adopted the most ambitious New Urbanist-based zoning code reform yet undertaken by a major U.S. city.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnu.org/node/3166|title=Saving western Maryland before it's swallowed up|date=January 2005}}</ref> More than six hundred [[Planned community|new towns]], villages, and neighborhoods, following New Urbanist principles, have been planned or are currently under construction in the U.S. Hundreds of new, small-scale, urban and suburban infill projects are under way to reestablish walkable streets and blocks. In Maryland and several other states, New Urbanist principles are an integral part of ''[[smart growth]]'' legislation.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} In the mid-1990s, the [[U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development]] (HUD) adopted the principles of the New Urbanism in its multibillion-dollar program to rebuild public housing projects nationwide. New Urbanists have planned and developed hundreds of projects in infill locations. Most were driven by the private sector, but many, including HUD projects, used public money. ====Prospect New Town==== Founded in the mid-1990s, [[Prospect New Town]] is Colorado's first full-scale New Urbanist community.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.prospectnewtown.com/story/|title=Story - Prospect New Town, Longmont, CO Homes|website=Prospect New Town|language=en|access-date=2019-06-24|archive-date=2023-04-16|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230416143010/https://www.prospectnewtown.com/story/|url-status=dead}}</ref> Developer Kiki Wallace worked with the firm of [[Duany Plater Zyberk & Company]] to develop the {{convert|32|acre|adj=on}} neighborhood that was formerly his family's tree farm. Currently in its final phase of development, the neighborhood is intended to have a population of approximately 2,000 people in 585 units on 340 lots. The development includes a [[town center]] interwoven into the center of the residential area, with businesses ranging from restaurants to professional offices. The streets are oriented to maximize the view of the mountains, and the traditional town center is no more than five minutes on foot from any place in the neighborhood.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} ====University Place in Memphis==== In 2010, University Place in [[Memphis, Tennessee]] became the second only [[U.S. Green Building Council]] (USGBC) LEED certified neighborhood. LEED ND (neighborhood development) standards integrates principles of smart growth, urbanism, and green building and were developed through a collaboration between USGBC, Congress for the New Urbanism, and the [[Natural Resources Defense Council]]. University Place, developed by [[McCormack Baron Salazar]], is a 405-unit, {{convert|30|acre|adj=on}}, mixed-income, mixed use, multigenerational, [[HOPE VI]] grant community that revitalized the severely distressed Lamar Terrace public housing site.<ref>[http://www.multihousingnews.com/news/south/architecture-inc-celebrates-leed-nd-certification-of-university-place-in-memphis/1004034759.html Architecture Inc. Celebrates LEED-ND Certification of University Place in Memphis] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150707093319/http://www.multihousingnews.com/news/south/architecture-inc-celebrates-leed-nd-certification-of-university-place-in-memphis/1004034759.html |date=2015-07-07 }}, Multi Housing News, May 18, 2011.</ref> ====The Cotton District==== [[The Cotton District]] in [[Starkville, Mississippi]] was the first New Urbanist development, begun in 1968 long before the New Urbanism movement was organized.<ref>http://www.tndtownpaper.com/Volume4/new_towns_cotton_district.htm The Town Paper, Vol. 4, No. 1 — December 2001/ January 2002</ref> The District borders Mississippi State University, and consists mostly of residential rental units for college students along with restaurants, bars and retail. The Cotton District got its name because it is built in the vicinity of an old cotton mill.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} ====Seaside==== [[File:Seaside, Florida.jpg|thumb|[[Seaside, Florida]]]] [[Seaside, Florida]], the first fully New Urbanist town, began development in 1981 on {{convert|80|acre}} of [[Florida Panhandle]] coastline. It was featured on the cover of the ''[[The Atlantic|Atlantic Monthly]]'' in 1988, when only a few streets were completed, and it has become internationally famous for its architecture, as well as the quality of its streets and public spaces.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Hamer|first1=David|title=Learning from the past: Historic Districts and the New Urbanism in the United States|journal=Planning Perspectives|date=2000|volume=15|issue=2|pages=107–122|doi=10.1080/026654300364047|bibcode=2000PlPer..15..107H |s2cid=144859077}}</ref> Seaside is now a tourist destination, and it appeared in the film ''[[The Truman Show]]'' (1998). Lots sold for US$15,000 in the early 1980s. Slightly over a decade later, in the mid-1990s, the price had escalated to about US$200,000. Today, most lots sell for more than $1 million, and some houses top $5 million.{{Citation needed|date=February 2008}} ====Mueller Community==== The [[Mueller Community]] is located on the {{convert|700|acre|adj=on}} site of the former [[Robert Mueller Municipal Airport]] in [[Austin, Texas]], which closed in 1999. Per the developer, the value of the Mueller development upon completion will be $1.3 billion, and will comprise {{convert|4.2|e6ft2}} of non-residential development, {{convert|650000|ft2}} of retail space, 4,600 homes, and {{convert|140|acre}} of open space. An estimated 10,000 permanent jobs within the development will have been created by the time it is complete. In 2012, the Mueller Community had more [[electric cars]] per capita than any other neighborhood in the United States – a fact partially attributable to an incentive program.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.texasmonthly.com/articles/electric-vehicle-program-piloted-in-austin-neighborhood/ |title=Electric Vehicle Program Piloted in Austin Neighborhood |last=Stroh |first=Katie |date=2013-01-21 |publisher=[[Texas Monthly]] |access-date=2023-08-02}}</ref> ====Stapleton==== The site of the former [[Stapleton International Airport]] in [[Denver]] and [[Aurora, Colorado]], closed in 1995, is now being redeveloped by [[Forest City Enterprises]].<ref name="LAT 2003-10-18">Vincent, Roger and Groves, Martha (October 18, 2003) [https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-oct-18-fi-playa18-story.html "L.A.'s Urban Model"] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]''. Retrieved 12 October 2016</ref> Stapleton is expected to be home to at least 30,000 residents, six schools, and {{convert|2|e6ft2}} of retail. Construction began in 2001.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.scienceandtech.org/ |title=DSST Web site |access-date=2007-08-24 |archive-date=2020-01-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130123033/http://scienceandtech.org/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>https://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2006-10-26-100-million_x.htm USA Today</ref> [[Northfield Stapleton]], one of the development's major retail centers, recently opened. ====San Antonio==== In 1997, [[San Antonio|San Antonio, Texas]], as part of a new master plan, created new regulations called the Unified Development Code (UDC), largely influenced by New Urbanism. One feature of the UDC is six unique land development patterns that can be applied to certain districts: Conservation Development; Commercial Center Development; Office or Institutional Campus Development; Commercial Retrofit Development; Tradition Neighborhood Development; and [[Transit Oriented Development]]. Each district has specific standards and design regulations. The six development patterns were created to reflect existing development patterns.<ref>Greenburg, Ellen, 2004. Codifying New Urbanism: How to Reform Municipal Land Development Regulations. American Planning Association PAS Report Number 526</ref> ====Mountain House==== [[Mountain House, California|Mountain House]], one of the latest New Urbanist projects in the United States, is a new town located near [[Tracy, California]]. Construction started in 2001. Mountain House will consist of 12 villages, each with its own elementary school, park, and commercial area. In addition, a future [[train station]], transit center, and bus system are planned for Mountain House.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} ====Mesa del Sol==== [[Mesa del Sol]], New Mexico—the largest New Urbanist project in the United States—was designed by architect [[Peter Calthorpe]], and is being developed by [[Forest City Enterprises]]. Mesa del Sol may take five decades to reach full build-out, at which time it should have: 38,000 residential units, housing a population of 100,000; a {{convert|1400|acre|adj=on}} industrial office park; four town centers; an urban center; and a [[downtown]] that would provide a [[twin towns and sister cities|twin city]] within [[Albuquerque, New Mexico|Albuquerque]].{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} ====I'On==== Located in [[Mount Pleasant, South Carolina]], [[I'On]] is a traditional neighborhood development, mixed with a new urbanism styled architecture, reflecting on the building designs of the nearby downtown areas of [[Charleston, South Carolina]]. Founded on April 30, 1995, I'On was designed by the town planning firms of Dover, Kohl & Partners and [[Duany Plater-Zyberk & Company]], and currently holds over 750 single family homes. Features of the community include extensive sidewalks, shared [[public]] greens and parks, [[trails]], and a grid of narrow, [[traffic calming]] streets. Most homes are required to have a [[front porch]] of not less than {{convert|8|ft}} in depth. Floor heights of {{convert|10|ft}}, raised foundations, and smaller lot sizes give the community a [[Urban density|dense]], vertical feel.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} ====Haile Plantation==== [[Haile Plantation, Florida]], is a 2,600-household, {{convert|1,700|acre|adj=on}} development of regional impact southwest of the city of Gainesville, within Alachua County. Haile Village Center is a traditional neighborhood center within the development. It was originally started in 1978 and completed in 2007. In addition to the 2,600 homes the neighborhood consists of two merchant centers (one a New England narrow street village and the other a chain grocery strip mall), as well as two public elementary schools and an 18-hole golf course.{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} ====Celebration, Florida==== [[File:House in celebration.JPG|thumb|A [[Mediterranean Revival]] house in [[Celebration, Florida]]]] In June 1996, the [[The Walt Disney Company|Walt Disney Company]] unveiled its {{convert|5,000|acre|adj=on}} town of [[Celebration, Florida|Celebration]], near Orlando, Florida. Celebration opened its downtown in October 1996, relying heavily on the experiences of Seaside, whose downtown was nearly complete. Disney shuns the label New Urbanism, calling Celebration simply a "town".{{citation needed|date=April 2022}} Celebration's Downtown has become one of the area's most popular tourist destinations making the community a showcase for New Urbanism as a prime example of the creation of a "sense of place".<ref>Celebration Business Alliance, Sept 2010</ref> ====Jersey City==== The construction of the [[Hudson Bergen Light Rail]] in [[Hudson County, New Jersey]] has spurred transit-oriented development. In [[Jersey City, New Jersey|Jersey City]], at least three projects are planned to transform [[brownfield]] sites, two of which have required remediation of [[toxic waste]] by previous owners: *[[Bayfront, Jersey City|Bayfront]], once site of a [[Honeywell]] plant is a {{convert|100|acre|adj=on}} site on the [[Hackensack River]], near the planned West Campus of [[New Jersey City University]]. *[[Canal Crossing, Jersey City|Canal Crossing]], named for the former [[Morris Canal]], was once partially owned by [[PPG Industries]], and is a {{convert|117|acre|adj=on}} site west of [[Liberty State Park]]. *[[Liberty Harbor]] is on the north side of the [[Morris Canal]]. ====Old York Village, Chesterfield Township, New Jersey==== The sparsely developed agricultural [[Chesterfield Township, New Jersey|Township of Chesterfield]] in [[New Jersey]] covers approximately {{convert|21.61|sqmi|km2 ha}} and has made farmland preservation a priority since the 1970s. Chesterfield has permanently preserved more than {{convert|7000|acre|km2 ha}} of farmland through state and county programs and a township-wide transfer of development credits program that directs future growth to a designated "receiving area" known as Old York Village. Old York Village is a neo-traditional, new urbanism town on {{convert|560|acre|km2 ha}} incorporating a variety of housing types, neighborhood commercial facilities, a new elementary school, civic uses, and active and passive open space areas with preserved agricultural land surrounding the planned village. Construction began in the early 2000s and a significant percentage of the community is now complete. Old York Village was the winner of the [[American Planning Association]] National Outstanding Planning Award in 2004.<ref>[https://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:bF_sLhalru4J:www.clarkecatonhintz.com/news_62/cch.pdf+Old+York+Village+Chesterfield&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEEShmUa4sV_i-RkZGv6VCfru69zqmyvd5QuPhmbvt5rknjP-2U5ceIqitHl7582Z5kNIPD4OgHwbRbyf1gybr7uRoLFeZNt2zwDdwkAHE8sIn0CrPSu1O0ENRX_hc9dHjNk6SxPjS&sig=AHIEtbSNUnz4J_fonSY-LCM60WBGc0GLxw "Old York Village, Chesterfield Wins an American Planning Association Award for an Outstanding Project/ Program/ Tool"]</ref><ref>[http://www.chesterfieldtwp.com/Smart%20Growth/smartgrowthpage.html "Old York Village Implementing Smart Growth"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001092432/http://www.chesterfieldtwp.com/Smart%20Growth/smartgrowthpage.html |date=2011-10-01 }}</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20111001092441/http://www.chesterfieldtwp.com/Smart%20Growth/Master%20Plan%20Amendment-May%2028,%202002.pdf "Master Plan Amendment: Township of Chesterfield"]</ref> ==== Civita ==== [[Civita (San Diego, California)|Civita]] is a [[Sustainable development|sustainable]], [[Transportation|transit]]-oriented {{convert|230|acre|adj=on}} master-planned village under development in the [[Mission Valley, San Diego|Mission Valley]] area of [[San Diego|San Diego, California]], [[United States]]. Located on a former [[quarry]] site, the [[Urban planning|urban]]-style village is organized around a community park that cascades down the terraced property.<ref>{{cite news|title=Sand and gravel quarry becoming a sustainable, urban village|url=http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2013/dec/14/sand-and-gravel-quarry-becoming-a-sustainable/|newspaper=U-T San Diego|access-date=16 April 2014}}</ref> Civita development plans call for {{convert|70|acre}} of parks and open space, 4,780 residences (including approximately 478 [[Affordable housing|affordable]] units), an approximately {{convert|480000|ft2|adj=on}} [[Lifestyle center (retail)|retail center]], and {{convert|420000|ft2}} for an office/business campus.<ref name = urbanland>{{cite web|last=Kirk|first=Patricia|title=Civita: San Diego's New City within the City|url=http://urbanland.uli.org/planning-design/civita-san-diego-s-new-city-within-the-city/|publisher=Urban Land Magazine|access-date=16 April 2014|date=2013-04-19}}</ref><ref name = leung>{{cite news|last=Leung|first=Lily|title=Mission Valley's 230-acre Civita to debut|url=http://www.utsandiego.com/news/2011/dec/07/an-open-house-at-civita/|newspaper=San Diego Union-Tribune|access-date=16 April 2014}}</ref> Sudberry Properties, the developer of Civita, incorporated numerous [[green building]] practices in the Civita design.<ref>{{cite news|last=Newman|first=Morris|title=Terraced Living in a San Diego Quarry|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/29/realestate/commercial/in-san-diego-terraced-living-in-an-old-quarry.html|newspaper=New York Times |date=February 28, 2012 |access-date=16 April 2014}}</ref> In 2009, Civita achieved a Stage 1 Gold rating for the U.S. [[Green Building Council|Green Building Council's]] 2009 LEED-ND (Neighborhood Development) pilot and received the California Governor's Environmental and Economic Leadership Award.<ref name = urbanland/><ref>{{cite web|last=McCandless|first=Catherine|title=No Longer Just A Hole In The Ground|url=https://www.mit.edu/people/spirn/Public/Ulises-11-308/Quarrying.pdf|publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology|access-date=16 April 2014}}</ref> In 2010, Civita was designated as a California Catalyst Community by the [[California Department of Housing and Community Development]] to support innovation and test sustainable strategies that reflect the interdependence of environmental, economic, and community health.<ref>{{cite web|title=Catalyst Projects for California Sustainable Communities|url=http://www.hcd.ca.gov/hpd/catayst_summaries082510.pdf|publisher=California Department of Housing and Community Development|access-date=16 April 2014|archive-date=9 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140309060249/http://www.hcd.ca.gov/hpd/catayst_summaries082510.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> ==== Del Mar Station ==== Del Mar Station, which won a Congress for the New Urbanism Charter Award in 2003,<ref>[http://www.cnu.org/node/916#2003 "Charter Award Recipients"], Congress for the New Urbanism (accessed 8 April 2015).</ref> is a [[transit-oriented development]] surrounding a prominent [[Los Angeles Metro Rail|Metro Rail]] [[Del Mar station|stop]] on the [[L Line (Los Angeles Metro)|Gold Line]], which connects Los Angeles and Pasadena. Located at the southern edge of downtown Pasadena, it serves as a gateway to the city with 347 apartments, out of which 15% are affordable units. Approximately {{convert|20000|sqft}} of retail is linked with a network of public plazas, paseos, and private courtyards. The {{convert|3.4|acre|adj=on}}, US$77 million project sits above a 1,200-car multi-level subterranean parking garage, with 600 spaces dedicated to transit. A light rail right-of-way, detailed as a public street, bisects the site. It was designed by [[Moule & Polyzoides]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Del Mar Station Transit Village|url=http://www.mparchitects.com/site/projects/del-mar-station-transit-village|publisher=Moule & Polyzoides|access-date=8 October 2014}}</ref><ref>[https://www.cnu.org/resources/projects/del-mar-station-2007 Del Mar Station] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412172431/https://www.cnu.org/resources/projects/del-mar-station-2007 |date=2015-04-12 }}, Congress for the New Urbanism, September 14, 2007.</ref> ==== Norfolk, VA, East Beach ==== East Beach in Norfolk, VA, was designed and built in the style of traditional Atlantic coastal villages. The Master Plan for East Beach was developed in the style of “New Urbanism” by world renowned TND master planners Duany Plater-Zyberk. Newly constructed homes reflect traditional classic detail and proportion of Tidewater Virginia homes, and are built with materials that will withstand the test of time and forces of Mother Nature and the Chesapeake Bay.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eastbeachnorfolk.com/index.php|title=East Beach Norfolk – Luxury Condos, Villas, Waterfront Homes – A Simple Life on the Chesapeake Bay|access-date=22 February 2017}}</ref> ===Other countries=== New Urbanism is closely related to the [[Urban village]] movement in Europe. They both occurred at similar times and share many of the same principles although urban villages has an emphasis on traditional city planning. In Europe many brown-field sites have been redeveloped since the 1980s following the models of the traditional city neighbourhoods rather than Modernist models. One well-publicized example is [[Poundbury]] in England, a suburban extension to the town of Dorchester, which was built on land owned by the [[Duchy of Cornwall]] under the overview of [[Prince Charles]]. The original masterplan was designed by [[Leon Krier]]. A report carried out after the first phase of construction found a high degree of satisfaction by residents, although the aspirations to reduce [[car dependency]] had not been successful. Rising house prices and a perceived premium have made the open market housing unaffordable for many local people.<ref name="poundbury">WATSON, G., BENTLEY, I., ROAF, S. and SMITH, P., 2004. Learning from Poundbury, Research for the West Dorset District Council and the Duchy of Cornwall. Oxford Brookes University.</ref> The Council for European Urbanism (CEU), formed in 2003, shares many of the same aims as the U.S.'s New Urbanists. CEU's Charter is a development of the [[Congress for the New Urbanism]] Charter revised and reorganised to relate better to European conditions. An Australian organisation, Australian Council for New Urbanism has since 2001 run conferences and events to promote New Urbanism in that country. A [[New Zealand Urban Design Protocol]] was created by the Ministry for the Environment in 2005. There are many developments around the world that follow New Urbanist principles to a greater or lesser extent: ====Europe==== [[File:Queen Mother SQUARE, Poundbury, Dorset.jpg|thumb|The town of [[Poundbury]] in England, constructed in the New Urbanism form from 1988–present]] [[File:Serrisplacetoscaneserris.jpg|thumb|''Place de Toscane'' in [[Serris, Seine-et-Marne|Serris]], France, designed by [[New Classical Architecture|new classical]] architect [[Pier Carlo Bontempi]] in 2002]] *[[Le Plessis-Robinson]], a 21st-century example of [[New classical architecture|neo-traditionalism]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.planetizen.com/node/57600|title=Le Plessis-Robinson: A Model for Smart Growth|work=Planetizen: The independent resource for people passionate about planning and related fields}}</ref> in the south-west of Paris. This city is in the process of transforming itself, destroying old modern blocklike buildings and replacing them with traditional buildings and houses in one of the biggest worldwide projects with Val d'Europe. In 2008 the city was nominated best architectural project of the European Union.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jeunesarchi.com/ |title=Jeunesarchi.com |website=www.jeunesarchi.com |access-date=22 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070718100847/http://www.jeunesarchi.com/ |archive-date=18 July 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref> * [[Poundbury]], in Dorset, England, is a neotraditionalist urban extension focussed on high quality urban realm and the expression of traditional modes of urban or village life.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.architectmagazine.com/design/behind-the-facade-of-prince-charless-poundbury_o|title=Behind the Façade of Prince Charles's Poundbury|date=2013-12-03|newspaper=Architect|access-date=2016-11-07}}</ref> * [[Tornagrain]], between Inverness and Nairn, Scotland, The design is based on the architectural and planning traditions of the Highlands and the rest of Scotland.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.tornagrain.com/|website=www.tornagrain.com|access-date=2023-09-21|title=Tornagrain}}</ref> *[[Val d'Europe]], east of Paris, France. Developed by [[Disneyland Resort Paris]], this town is a kind of European counterpart to Walt Disney World Celebration City. *[[Jakriborg]], in Southern [[Sweden]], is a recent example of the New Urbanist movement. *[[Brandevoort]], in [[Helmond]], in the [[Netherlands]], is a new example of the New Urbanist movement. *''Sankt Eriksområdet'' quarter in [[Stockholm]], [[Sweden]], built in the 1990s. *Other developments can be found at Heulebrug, part of [[Knokke-Heist]], in [[Belgium]], and Fonti di Matilde in [[:it:San Bartolomeo (Reggio Emilia)|San Bartolomeo]] (outside of [[Reggio Emilia]]),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://interactive.wttw.com/bontempi/selected-works|title=Bontempi Selected Works|work=WTTW Chicago Public Media – Television and Interactive|date=2014-03-13}}</ref> [[Italy]]. *[[Kartanonkoski]], in [[Vantaa]], [[Finland]], is the only example of neotraditional architecture in Finland implemented on a larger scale. The area has around 4000 inhabitants and its architecture has been mainly influenced by [[Nordic Classicism]]. *[[Vauban,_Freiburg|Vauban]] and its surrounding city [[Freiburg]] serve as centers for innovation integrating solar roofs, carbon neutral buildings, [[Passivhaus]], and point-access block single-exit apartment blocks into the fabric of New Urbanist architecture and neighborhoods.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/12/science/earth/12suburb.html|title=In German Suburb, Life Goes On Without Cars |newspaper=New York Times|date=2009-05-11}}</ref> ====Americas==== [[File:05 Ciudad Cayala Front View.jpg|thumb|Ciudad Cayala in [[Guatemala City]], Guatemala, founded in 2011]] *[[Mahogany Bay Village, Belize]], is {{convert|24|ha|acre|adj=on}} New Urbanist community on Ambergris Caye, Belize. *[[Orchid Bay, Belize]], is one of the largest New Urbanist projects in Central America and the Caribbean. *[[Las Catalinas, Costa Rica]], is a coastal town in the [[Guanacaste Province]] of Northwest [[Costa Rica]]. Envisioned as a compact, walkable beach town, Las Catalinas was founded in 2006 by [[Charles Brewer (businessman)|Charles Brewer]] and incorporates many of the principles of New Urbanism. *[[McKenzie Towne, Calgary|McKenzie Towne]] is a New Urbanist development which commenced in 1995 by [[Carma Developers]] LP in [[Calgary]]. *[[Cornell, Ontario|Cornell]], within the city of [[Markham, Ontario]], was designed with walkable neighborhoods, density to support public transit, a variety of housing types and retail.<ref> {{cite magazine |url= http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/magazine/mj06/indepth/communities.asp |title= Is new urbanism the answer to suburbia's dying communities? |magazine= Canadian Geographic |access-date= 2011-01-31 |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20101117025306/http://www.canadiangeographic.ca/magazine/mj06/indepth/communities.asp |archive-date= 2010-11-17 }}</ref> *New Amherst is a new urbanist development in the town of [[Cobourg, Ontario]]. *[[UniverCity]], beside the [[Simon Fraser University]] campus on Burnaby Mountain in [[Burnaby]], [[British Columbia]], is a sustainable community that is designed to be walkable, dense, and well connected to public transit networks. *[[Mount Pleasant GO Station|Mount Pleasant Village]] in the city of [[Brampton]], [[Ontario]] was designed as a mixed-use neighbourhood surrounding a train station and with a central square. ====Asia==== [[File:Traffic along Lornie Road, Singapore - 20130728.JPG|thumb|Traffic along Lornie Road, [[Singapore]]]] *The structure plan for [[Thimphu]], [[Bhutan]], follows [[Principles of Intelligent Urbanism]], which share underlying axioms with the New Urbanism. ====Africa==== There are several such developments in South Africa. The most notable is [[Melrose Arch]] in [[Johannesburg]]. [[Triple Point (East London)|Triple Point]] is a comparable mixed-use development in [[East London, Eastern Cape|East London]], in [[Eastern Cape]] province. The development, announced in 2007, comprises 30 hectares. It is made up of three apartment complexes together with over 30 residential sites as well as 20,000 sq m of residential and office space. The development is valued at over R2 billion ($250 million).<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.eprop.co.za/news/item/9127-East-London-gets-own-Melrose-Arch.html |title="EAST LONDON GETS OWN MELROSE ARCH", ''eProp.co.za, 12 December 2007 |access-date=2013-01-17 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150427102550/http://www.eprop.co.za/news/item/9127-East-London-gets-own-Melrose-Arch.html |archive-date=2015-04-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref> There have been cases where market forces of urban decay are confused with new urbanism in [https://www.africaurban.org/debunking-new-urbanism-harare/ African cities] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907144749/https://www.africaurban.org/debunking-new-urbanism-harare/ |date=2018-09-07 }}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.africaurban.org/debunking-new-urbanism-harare/|title=Debunking New Urbanism in Harare|last=Muzenda|first=Archimedes|date=2017-07-12|publisher=African Urban Institute|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180907144749/https://www.africaurban.org/debunking-new-urbanism-harare/|archive-date=2018-09-07|url-status=dead}}</ref> This has led to a form of suburban mixed-use development that does not promote walkability.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.infrastructurene.ws/2016/08/25/in-search-of-a-new-african-urbanism/|title=In search of a new African urbanism {{!}} Infrastructure news|website=www.infrastructurene.ws|language=en-US|access-date=2018-09-07|archive-date=2017-05-31|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170531172205/http://www.infrastructurene.ws/2016/08/25/in-search-of-a-new-african-urbanism/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.up.ac.za/media/shared/Legacy/sitefiles/file/44/1068/3229/9086/africanperspectives/pdf/papers/viana.pdf|title=African City: towards a new paradigm –"chameleonic" urbanism for hybrid cities|last=Viana|publisher=African Perspectives Conference Proceedings}}</ref> ====Australia==== Most new developments on the edges of Australia's major cities are master planned, often guided expressly by the principles of New Urbanism. The relationship between housing, activity centres, the transport network and key social infrastructure (sporting facilities, libraries, community centres etc.) is defined at structure planning stage.<ref name="tandfonline.com"/> *Jindee, [[Western Australia]], a new coastal development north of [[Perth]] which has been designed using Smart Code.<ref>{{cite web |title=Jindee |url=https://studiolfa.com/project/jindee |website=Studio LFA |access-date=13 January 2022}}</ref> *Tullimbar Village, [[New South Wales]], is a new development which follows the principles of New Urbanism.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Tullimbar Village :: Wollongong NSW :: Contemporary Lifestyle Community|url = http://www.tullimbarvillage.com.au|website = www.tullimbarvillage.com.au|access-date = 2015-05-29|first = Screen|last = Art|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150501031048/http://www.tullimbarvillage.com.au/|archive-date = 2015-05-01|url-status = dead}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=December 2017}}{{primary source inline|date=December 2017}} Another important factor or principle of New Urbanism that guides Australia's major cities is how good their foot circulation seems to be which is guided by the wayfinding systems that are implemented. Kenneth B. Hall Jr. and Gerald A. Porterfield said in their book, "Community by Design," the way to gain good circulation is to take some thoughtful consideration to things like wayfinding, sight lines, transition, visual clues, and reference points.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|title=Community by Design|last=Hall|first=Kenneth B.|publisher=The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc|others=Gerald A. Porterfield|year=2001|pages=97|isbn=007141794X}}</ref> Circulation design should work to create an interesting and informative system that utilizes subtle elements as well as technical ones.<ref name=":0" /> City of Port Philip, Australia, is a good example of wayfinding where they have come up with a comprehensive pedestrian signage system, specifically for their local areas of St Kilda, South Melbourne and Port Melbourne.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.victoriawalks.org.au/wayfinding/|title=Case study - Wayfinding signage|website=www.victoriawalks.org.au|access-date=2018-04-28}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite news|url=https://www.studiobinocular.com/2013/02/city-of-port-phillip-wayfinding/|title=City of Port Phillip: Wayfinding - Studio Binocular|date=2013-02-09|work=Studio Binocular|access-date=2018-04-28|language=en-US|archive-date=2023-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412032747/https://www.studiobinocular.com/2013/02/city-of-port-phillip-wayfinding/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The city's wayfinding system consists of 26 individually designed panels that are placed on some major streets such as St Kilda and St Kilda East, linking St Kilda Junction and Balaclava Station to the foreshore via Fitzroy, Carlisle and Acland Streets.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> City of Port Philip also created directional signage systems that makes use of the already existing street furniture such as trash cans to help provide for 130 directional indicators across Port Melbourne.<ref name=":1" /><ref name=":2" /> ===== 20-minute neighbourhoods ===== [[Melbourne]] followed up a 2014 plan<ref name=":3">{{Cite book|last1=Stanley|first1=John|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274064812|title=Moving People: Connecting Neighbourhoods: The 20 minute city, Bus Industry Confederation Inc.|last2=Stanley|first2=Janet|last3=Davis|first3=Stephen|date=2015-03-23}}</ref> by launching 20-minute neighbourhoods in January 2018, aiming to provide for most daily needs within a 20-minute walk from home, together with safe cycling and public transport options.<ref>{{Cite web|title=20 minute neighbourhoods|url=https://www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au/current-projects/20-minute-neighbourhoods|last=Department of Environment|first=Land|website=www.planmelbourne.vic.gov.au|language=en-AU|access-date=2020-05-01}}</ref> Another definition has used the time taken to cycle, or take a bus.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Stanley|first=John|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274075380|title=Connecting neighbourhoods: The 20 minute city. Bus and Coach Industry Policy paper 4|date=2015-03-25}}</ref> In Melbourne the concept was initiated in the suburbs of [[Croydon South, Victoria|Croydon South]], [[Strathmore, Victoria|Strathmore]], and [[Sunshine West, Victoria|Sunshine West]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=20-Minute Neighbourhoods|url=https://www.planning.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0031/428908/Creating-a-more-liveable-Melbourne.pdf|date=2019|website=Victoria State Government|access-date=2020-05-01|archive-date=2023-04-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230412032835/https://www.planning.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0031/428908/Creating-a-more-liveable-Melbourne.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> The concept has since expanded to other cities, such as [[Singapore]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=People love the idea of 20-minute neighbourhoods. So why isn't it top of the agenda?|url=http://theconversation.com/people-love-the-idea-of-20-minute-neighbourhoods-so-why-isnt-it-top-of-the-agenda-131193|last1=Stanley|first1=John|last2=Hansen|first2=Roz|website=The Conversation|date=19 February 2020 |language=en|access-date=2020-05-01}}</ref> and [[Hamilton, New Zealand|Hamilton]] in [[New Zealand]].<ref>{{Cite web|title=Hamilton Mode Shift Programme - 20 Minute City|url=https://www.hamilton.govt.nz/our-city/covid-19/recovery-package/Documents/1.%20Hamilton%20Mode%20Shift%20Programme%20-%2020%20Minute%20City%20.pdf|date=March 2020|website=Hamilton City Council|access-date=2020-05-01|archive-date=2021-12-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211203231418/https://www.hamilton.govt.nz/our-city/covid-19/recovery-package/Documents/1.%20Hamilton%20Mode%20Shift%20Programme%20-%2020%20Minute%20City%20.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> Critics have pointed out that Melbourne's plan excludes jobs and that a previous target for public transport use has been shelved.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Is the "20-minute city" mostly spin? – The Urbanist|url=https://blogs.crikey.com.au/theurbanist/2017/08/09/20-minute-city-mostly-spin/|website=blogs.crikey.com.au|access-date=2020-05-01|archive-date=2021-05-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210517124111/https://blogs.crikey.com.au/theurbanist/2017/08/09/20-minute-city-mostly-spin/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The concept has been equated with [[Localism Act 2011|localism]].<ref name=":3" /> [[Dubai]] launched the 20-minute city project in 2022,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reynolds |first=Rory |date=2022-12-12 |title=Dubai 2040 Urban Plan: Ruler sets out ambitions to create '20-minute city' |url=https://www.thenationalnews.com/uae/government/2022/12/12/dubai-urban-plan-sheikh-mohammed-property/ |access-date=2023-12-01 |website=The National |language=en}}</ref> where residents are able to access daily needs & destinations within 20 minutes by foot or bicycle. The plan involves placing 55% of the residents within 800 meters of mass transit stations, allowing them to reach 80% of their daily needs and destinations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Dubai 2040 {{!}} The Dubai 2040 Urban Master Plan recognizes the significance of time in people's lives and acknowledges that effectively managing and utilizing time for commuting and meeting basic needs. |url=http://dubai2040.ae/en/projects-and-initiatives/the-20-minutes-city/ |access-date=2023-12-01 |language=en-US}}</ref>
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